Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery > Esophagus > Flashcards

Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

the majority of esophagus arises from the

A

foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the most proximal portion of esophagus derived from the

A

pharyngeal apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

esophagus length

A

18-25cm from pharynx to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

esophagus are divided into

A

cervical, thoracic and abdoninal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cervical esophagus length

A

5-6 cm. C6 -T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

thoracic esophagus length

A

15 cm. T1-T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

abdominal esophagus length

A

5-6 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

division of esophagus that may be absent in patients with hiatal hernia or esophageal shortening from chronic inflammation

A

abdominal esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

esophageal wall lacks of

A

serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mucosa of esophagus is composed of

A

nonkeratinizing, stratified squamous epithelium. except for the most distal few centimeters. which is columnar epitheliun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

muscularis is divided into

A

outer longitudinal and inner circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

striated muscle is located in the

A

upper one third with smooth muscle in the remaining two thirds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

provides parasymphatetic innervation to the esophafus

A

vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

innervates the crichopharyngeus and cervical region

A

recurrent laryngeal branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

provides sympathetic fibers

A

cervical and thoracic chain ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the enteric nervous system conposed of

A

submucosal Meissners plexus and Myenteric Auerbach’s plexus (coordinates swallowing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

failure of separation of the dorsal foregut from the laryngeotracheal tree during development

A

tracheoesophageal fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

failure of recanalization of tubular lumen

A

esophageal atresia, web, stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anatomical sites of esophageal narrowing

A

Aortic arch. Bronchus (left main stem). Crichopharyngeus. Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

esophageal landmarks by endoscopic distances

A

UES - 15cm. thoracic inlet - 18cm. Artic arch -25 cm. LES/GEJ -40 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

physiology of swallowing

A

initiated by central nervous system. —> occlusion of nasopharynx, elevation of larynx, posterior displacement of epiglotis, relaxation of the cricopharyngeus and pharyngeal relaxation as the bolus enters the esophagus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

orderly wave initiated by the bolus and the initiation of the swallowing

A

primary peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

occurs in the presence of esophageal distention

A

secondary peristalsis

24
Q

UES pressures

A

50-70mmHg at rest. 12-14mmHg with bolus

25
Q

LES pressure

A

10-20 mmHg resting

26
Q

site of cricopharyngeal weakness. most common location to find pseudodiverticula or iatrogenic perforation

A

killian’s triangle

27
Q

the strongest layer and primary importance for surgical repair

A

esophageal submucosa

28
Q

most common esophageal motility disorder

A

achalasia

29
Q

achalasia

A

25-60. equal ratio of mf.

30
Q

achalasia characterized by

A

aperistalsis and failure of LES relaxation during swallowing

31
Q

achalaisa signs and symptoms

A

progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids. heartburn. chest pain. regurgitation of undigested food.

32
Q

achalasia, barrium swallow reveals characteristic

A

bird’s beak. tapering of distal esophagus with dilation of proximal segment

33
Q

achalasia. it is mandatory to rule out obstructing mass or stricture.

A

esophagoscopy

34
Q

achalasia.. reveals the characteristic lack of peristalsis and failure of LES relaxation. RestingbLES pressures mayve normal or high.

A

manometry

35
Q

arterial supply of esophagus.. cervical esophagus supplied by

A

inferior thyroid artery

36
Q

arterial supply of esophagus… thoracic esophagus supplied by

A

aorta and bronchial arteries

37
Q

arterial supply of esophagus… abdominal esophagus supplied by

A

left gastric and inferior phrenic arteries

38
Q

achalasia treatment…. temporizing and associated with a number of side effects.

A

nitrates and Ca channel blockers

39
Q

achalasia…. may provide temporary improvement but is not durable and makes future surgical intervention more difficult.

A

Botulinum toxin

40
Q

achalasia….. yields symptomatic improvement but recurrence is high and risk of perforation is 5%

A

pneumatic dilation

41
Q

achalasia…. defintive therapy

A

Hellers myotomy. performed through chest or abdomen via open or videoendoscopic techniques.

42
Q

rare disorder characterized by degeneration of smooth muscle, resulting in LES failure and disordered peristalsis of distal esophagus.

A

scleroderma

43
Q

spared in scleroderma

A

proximal striated muscle

44
Q

scleroderma… signs and symptoms

A

severe reflux. dysphagia

45
Q

scleroderma… diagnosis.. reveals dilated esophagus with distal narrowing

A

barium swalow

46
Q

scleroderma… reveals dysmotility or aperistalsis of the distal esophagus with increase in LES sphincter pressure

A

manometry

47
Q

scleroderma… initial treatment with medical management includes

A

H2 blockers. proton pump inhibitor and head of bed elevation.

48
Q

severe achalasia, esophagus may be so dilated and non functional

A

sigmoid esophagus. that esophagectomy is necessary

49
Q

scleroderma… surgery therapy

A

fundoplication and gastroplasty

50
Q

rare primary motility disorder charcterized by disordered, high amplitude motility.

A

diffuse esophageal spasm

51
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm… predominant symptom is

A

substernal chest pain that may radiate to the neck or upper extremeties.

52
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm… dysphagia occurs with

A

both solid and liquid

53
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm… diagnose with barium swallow which demonstrates

A

corkscrew esophagus and segmentation

54
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm… manometry reveals

A

frequent, high amplitude, simultaneous contractions… LES is typically normal

55
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm… medical therapy. relive symptoms but recurrence is high

A

CCB, nitrates and Botulinum

56
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm… surgical therapy is indicated for

A

intractable symptoms or the presence of esophageal diverticula.

57
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm… provides relief of dysphagia in 80% of cases but is not as successful in relief of chest pain.

A

long segment myotomy

Surgery (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions