Ethnicity And Differential Attainment 7ED

Question 1

What are the external explanations

Answer 1

1. Cultural deprivation
2. Maternal deprivation and social class
3. Racism in wider society

Question 2

What is cultural deprivation

Answer 2

Idea that some groups lack the norms and values needed to be successful in education.
-includes attitudes to education and parental engagement

Question 3

Linguistic skills

Answer 3

• theorists argue that language barriers may be an explanation for lower achievement levels of some minorities
  -EAL students who joined an English school before year 2 have a slightly higher attainment 8 score than pupils who’s first language was English, joined after year 2 then tend to have a lower attainment 8 score than pupils

Question 4

Bereiter and Engelmann

Answer 4

-language of poorer black ameircan families was ungrammatical and disjointed (slang)
- argues these are deficient lagnuage skills so children are unabklkle to express abstract ideas in education
- black ameircan students who had deficient lagnuage skills therefore struggled with essays or class discussions which could lead to educational failure

Question 5

Family structure/ parental support/ values and attitudes
(Cultural deprivation)

Answer 5

• Cultural deprivation argued that family structure, parental support and interests have an effect on the educational achievement of different social groups. The attitudes and values that children are socialised into by their families are also important

Question 6

Black families

Answer 6

• early studies of ethnic minority groups found that black Caribbean boys particularly have lower achievement rates than other groups
  However some of this research is outdated

Question 7

Moynihan 1965

Answer 7

• argued there is a higher proportion of single mother households in black ameircan communities, boys lacked an adequate role of male achievement
  -leads to a cycle where inadequately socialised children from unstable families go on to fail at school

Question 8

Price 1979

Answer 8

• black Caribbean children are less resistant to racism so they have low self esteem and underachievement
• argued Asian pupils are higher achievers then black pupils because their culture is more resistant to racism, giving them more self worth
• due to the differing impact of colonialism on the two groups ( self slavery was was culturally devastating for black people being sold as they lost their language, religion)

Question 9

Sewell 1997

Answer 9

• it is not a sense of farther but lack of tough love
  -57% if black Caribbean families with dependent children were headed by a single parent, compared to only 25% of white families, lack of strong disciple during the difficult period of adolescence, boys are often likely to find perverse loyalty and sense of belonging in gangs
• creates an anti-school masculinity - boys feel under peer pressure to reject school values
  -concluded that the boys should have greater expectations placed on them or raise their aspirations

Question 10

Asian families sociologist

Answer 10

• Driver and Ballard
  -Lupton
  -Strands
• Francis and Archer
• Basit

Question 11

Driver and Ballard

Answer 11

Argued Asian parents have more positive attitudes towards education, higher aspirations of their children’s future, so are more supportive

Question 12

Lupton 2004

Answer 12

• Adult authority structures in Asians families are simular to schools as Asians parents are more likely to support school discipline
  -found that respectful behaviour towards adults was expected of children in the Asian households studied
• parents therefore more likely to be supportive of school polices

Question 13

Strands 2007

Answer 13

• analysis of data from 2004 Longitidinal study of young people found that Indian students are the ethnic students most likely to complete homework five evenings a week and the group where parents are mostly likely to know where there child is when they are out

Question 14

Francis and Archer

Answer 14

• higher value is placed on education by Chinese parents, coupled with a strong cultural tradition of respect for one’s elders
  -high educational aspiration transmits from parents to children, and students derive positive self esteem from constructing themselves as good students

Question 15

White working class families

Answer 15

• research shows that white WC families have lower levels of aspiration and achievement
• Lupton tidy found lower levels of parental suppport and negative attitudes from WC parents, ethnic minority parents were more liklwy to see education as a way up in society

Question 16

Criticism of deprivation

Answer 16

• Keddie: cultural deprivation is a victim blaming explanation - makes assumptions that underachieving groups lack the right norms and values to succeed at school. Argues that schools are ethnocentric and favour white culture which may lead to a sense of exclusion for some minorities
• some older studies used broad catergoried which are inappropriate, Eg: broad catergories like ‘Asian’ include many different groups with different achievement levels

Question 17

What two catergories come under material deprivation

Answer 17

• housing
  -unemployment

Question 18

Housing

Answer 18

• Ethnic minorities are more likely to face problems such as substandard housing and low income
• 15% of ethnic minorities households live in overcrowded conditions, only 2% of white households

Question 19

Platt 2007

Answer 19

• Estimated that 70% of Bangladeshi students and 50% of Pakistani children grow up in poverty, compared to 20% of white population
• situation had improved 2012/13, however 2/5 of people from ethnic minority were still loving in poverty - around twice rate of white people

Question 20

Harker

Answer 20

• Poor overcrowded housing can make it harder for a child to study. Sharing bedrooms can also cause disturbed sleep and difficulty concentrating