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MICRO200A Final > Eukaryotic Microbes > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards

1
Q

Endosymbiosis in eukaryotic microbes

A

Chloroplast, mitochondria

-‘genetic chimera’

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2
Q

80S ribosome

A

In eukarya but infections can affect ribosomes in chloroplasts which suggests there is a 70S ribosome

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3
Q

Secondary endosymbiosis

A

Pick up mitochondrion, carry out chemotrophy

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4
Q

Eukarya organisation

A

SSU rRNA, tubulin, RNA polymerase, heat shock protein genes

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5
Q

Protists

A

phototrophs and non-phototrophs

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6
Q

Diplomonads

A
  • No mitochondria so fermentation

- Two nuclei, no ETC

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7
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Beaver fever

-diplomonad

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8
Q

Parabasalid

A

Parabasla body, no mitochondria. Hydrogenosomes for anaerobic metabolism

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9
Q

Trichomonas vaginlais

A

parabasalid, reside in urogenital area.

Has 60K genes, unclear why

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10
Q

Euglenozoan

A

Contains kinetoplast, mostly aquatic

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11
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

-Euglenozoan and kinetoplastid
-African sleeping sickness, chronic and can be fatal, related to trapanosoma conalazy for cows, T. cruzi -chagas, T. leshmania (genus) – causes leishmaniasis, 2 mil cases 20k-50k deaths
• Neglected diseases – diseases that don’t affect the first world

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12
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A

CHAGAS, ~8000 deaths

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13
Q

Leshmania

A

~2 million cases each year, 20-50000 deaths

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14
Q

Alveolates

A

Form cytoplasmic sacs

cilliates, dinoflagellants,

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15
Q

Ciliates

A
  • Have cilia at some stage
  • Paramecium use cilia for feeding
  • Micro and macro nuclei
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16
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Phototrophs or mixotrophs

-Flagella causes cell to spin

17
Q

Gonyaulax

A

Dinoflagellate

-Red tide, produces toxins and causes paralysis from shellfish consumption

18
Q

Pfisteria piscicida

A

Predatory of fish, neurotoxin and breaks down mucosal layer in fish

19
Q

Apicomplexans

A

Degenerate chloroplasts

  • Nonphototrophic obligate parasites
  • Important in building macromolecules
20
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

Malaria

21
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A
  • Infects 30% of the world’s population
  • In cat poop
  • Can cause birth defects and pregnant women to lose their child
22
Q

Stramenophiles

A

Chemo and photoorganotrophs

-straw like hairs from flagella

23
Q

Diatoms

A

Stramenophiles

  • Produce 40-50% of organic carbon in the ocean
  • Contain insecticides
24
Q

Brown Algae

A

Stramenophiles, almost all seaweed is brown algae

25
Q

Amoebozoan

A

Diverge from lineage that gave fungi and animals

-Have pseudopods to feed

26
Q

Slime molds

A

Motile

  • Enters vegetative state followed by spores
  • Plasmodial and have multiple nuclei
27
Q

Fungi

A
  • Sexual and asexual reproduction
  • Industrially important, cycling of material
  • Secrete enzymes to break down molecules and absorb the sub-units
  • Form hyphae and have cell walls made of chitin
28
Q

Mycelium

A

For cell division

29
Q

Asexual reproduction in fungi

A

Not separated,
hyphae can cause long multinucleated hypha
-budding

30
Q

Sexual reproduction in fungi

A

Unicellular gamete spores, specialised hyphae.

-Alpha haploid cell fusion

31
Q

Glomeromycetes

A

-• Mycorrhizal symbionts – form relationship that is mutually beneficial with plants
o Provides mineral, building blocks or water for plants, plants create carbohydrates for fungi
o Some plants require it, thrive with the relationship
• Endomycorrhizae
• Ectomycorrhizae

32
Q

Ascomycetes

A

• Breaks down cellulose, common in food spoilage
• Includes many yeasts
• Industrial organism
• Aspergillus – soy sauce production
• Mating types – a and alpha, grown and divide in diploid and haploid forms
o Ascospores undergo mating
o Can also survive as haploid

33
Q

Basidomycetes

A
  • Most mushrooms we eat

- Toadstool mushrooms

34
Q

Saprophytes

A

Break down or consume dead material

35
Q

Karyogamy

A

Fusion of a haploid and a diploid

36
Q

Red Algae

A

Rhodophytes
Carageenan and agar
phytobiliproteins and chlorophyll A

37
Q

Green algae

A

Chlorophytes
Chlorophyll alpha and beta
Mostly freshwater but sometimes marine

MICRO200A Final (8 decks)

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