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GCSE chemistry > everchanging earth > Flashcards

everchanging earth Flashcards

1
Q

how much nitrogen is in today’s atmosphere?

A

78%

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2
Q

how much oxygen is in today’s atmosphere?

A

21%

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3
Q

how much argon is in today’s atmosphere?

A

0.9%

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4
Q

how much carbon dioxide is in today’s atmosphere?

A

0.04%

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5
Q

how did the earths first atmosphere form?

A

enormous volcanic activity errupting, releasing a mixture of toxic gases

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6
Q

what were the mixture of gases released?

A

methane
carbon dioxide
ammonia
water vapour

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7
Q

how were the seas and oceans formed?

A

the earth cooled and water vapour condensed to liquid

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8
Q

what is the test for hydrogen?

A

place a lit splint over the gas

popping sound if gas is present

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9
Q

what is the test for oxygen?

A

place a glowing splint over the gas

splint will relight if gas is present

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10
Q

what is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

bubble the gas through limewater

colourless limewater turns milky

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11
Q

describe what is used and released during photosynthesis?

A

uses carbon dioxide

releases oxygen

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12
Q

what happened to the poisonous ammonia released from volcanoes?

A

it decomposed on reacting with oxygen released from plants during photosynthesis

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13
Q

what is the gas that dissolved in the seas and oceans?

A

carbon dioxide

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14
Q

what happened to the carbon dioxide that dissolved in seas and oceans?

A

marine animals used the carbon atoms to make shells which created sedimentary rock such as limestone and chalk.
also fossil fuels were made by larger plants trapping carbon atoms

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15
Q

what are the 4 main sections of the earth?

A

crust
mantle
outer core
inner core

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16
Q

how does fractional distillation work?

A

all gases have different boiling points

17
Q

what gases can be obtained from fractional distillation?

A

oxygen
nitrogen
neon
argon

18
Q

what is continental drift?

A

Alfred Wegener thought that all continents used to be joined together and that over time they separated apart and drifted apart

19
Q

why wasn’t he believed?

A

He couldn’t explain HOW they had drifted apart

20
Q

what 3 pieces of evidence did he have?

A

jig saw fit of coastlines
similar rocks of the same age on different continents
similar fossils found on opposite sides of oceans

21
Q

what is the theory of plate tectonics?

A

the earths lithosphere is made up of huge slabs of rock called plate tectonics which move a few cm every year due to convection currents

22
Q

what happens when 2 plates move apart? what is this called?

A

magma rises to the surface, cools and solidifies forming new igneous rock
constructive plate boundary

23
Q

what happens when 2 plates move towards each other? what is this called?

A

the denser plate sinks under the less dense plate. the inside of the earth is hot causing the denser plate to melt forming new magma. this results in volcanoes forming.
if the plates are the same density the force of the collision causes the plates to buckle upwards.
destructive plate boundary

24
Q

what happens when 2 plates slip past each other? what is this called?

A

an earthquake can occur

conservative plate boundary

25
Q

which processes balance the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?

A

respiration
combustion
photosynthesis

26
Q

why is the amount of carbon dioxide in the air increasing?

A

excessive/more burning of fossil fuels

27
Q

what is used and released during respiration?

A

oxygen is used

carbon dioxide is released

28
Q

what is used and released during combustion?

A

oxygen is used

carbon dioxide is released

29
Q

why do carbon dioxide levels change from summer to winter?

A

more sunlight available for photosynthesis during the summer

colder in the winter, more fossil fuels burned

30
Q

what will global warming cause?

A

climate change - hotter summers and colder winters
higher rate of melting
rising sea levels

31
Q

how can we reduce global warming?

A

burn less fossil fuels
restrict carbon dioxide emissions
plant trees to replace areas of deforestation

32
Q

what is acid rain?

A

when coal is burned the Sulphur impurity is oxidised and creates sulphur dioxide which dissolved in rain water and forms acid rain

33
Q

what are the effects of acid rain?

A

damage to forest and vegetation
lowers pH in lakes
damage to buildings
increased rate of corrosion

34
Q

how can we reduce acid rain?

A

burn less fossil fuels
weak alkaline added to soil
use acid scrubbers

35
Q

what do photosynthesis and respiration do?

A

balance the level of carbon dioxide

GCSE chemistry (8 decks)

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