Everything Else

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal Cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

Cranial nerves from the brain

Spinal nerves from the spinal cord

Question 3

The meninges (3 layers covering the brain and spinal cord)

Answer 3

Dua mater (outer most)
Arachnoid (middle)
Pia mater (innermost)

Act as a barrier against bacteria and micro organisms

Question 4

3 parts of the Brain

Answer 4

1. Cerebrum: speech, hearing, smell, sight, memory, learning, motor and sensory areas
2. Cerebellum: Balance and coordination
3. Brain stem: heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure

Question 5

Spinal cord

Answer 5

Mass of nervous tissue extends from the brain stem ending around the T12 to L1 vertebra.
31 segments: A pair of spinal nerves comes out of each segment.
Function: transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 6

PNS 2

Answer 6

Made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system.

2 Types of nerves: Sensory & motor nerves

Question 7

The PNS consists of:

Answer 7

12 pairs of cranial nerves: originate from the brain. Each pair has a name and Roman number. May be sensory, motor or mixed motor and sensory fibers.

31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs of thoracic nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral nerves, one pair of coccygeal nerves.

Further divided into: •Somatic nervous system (voluntary)
• Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

Question 8

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

Controls the glands of muscles and internal organs
Has 2 divisions:
Sympathetic Nervous system: operates under stress
Parasympathetic nervous system: operates under normal conditions

Question 9

Function of the nervous system

Answer 9

1. Sensory input
2. Integration: process by which signal from sensory input is taken and associated with the appropriate response. Carried out by the CNS (brain & spinal cord)
3. Motor output: conduction of signals from the integration center to effector cells (muscle cells or glands)

Question 10

Cells of the nervous system

Answer 10

1. Neurons or nerve cells
   •functional units of the nervous system which conduct impulse
   •specialized cells for reception, conduction and transmission
2. Glial cells: supportive cells
   •specialized connective tissue cells

Question 11

Which part of the neuron receives impulses?

Answer 11

Dendrites

Question 12

Function of axon?

Answer 12

Carries impulses away from the cell body

Many axons have a myelin sheath

Question 13

Synapse

Answer 13

Junction between 2 neurons where the axon of one neurons communicate with dendrites of another neuron
Or where a neuron communicates with a muscle or gland

Question 14

2 types of synapse

Answer 14

Electrical synapse

Chemical synapse: presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter that binds to receptors in the postsynaptic cell

Question 15

Structures making up a synapse?

Answer 15

Synaptic knob: the end bulb of the presynaptic axon containing neurotransmitter

Synaptic cleft: space bet the synaptic knob and the post synaptic plasma membrane

Plasma membrane if the postsynaptic neuron: membrane of the receiving neuron which has receptors

Question 16

Transmission of impulse learn slide 34

Answer 16

.