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Biology > evolution > Flashcards

evolution Flashcards

1
Q

what are fossils

A

fossils are preserved evidence in rocks/sand/soil of organisms that once existed on earth.

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2
Q

what are replancement fossils

A

replacement fossils are fossils that have been chemically changed into another mineral an example is a plesiosaur backbone.

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3
Q

what are original fossil

A

an original fossil is when a part of the organism is preserved with its chemical composition being about the same as it was living eg. complete skeleton

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4
Q

what are indirect fossils

A

indirect fossils are preserved remains of things like imprints and foot prints

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5
Q

what are carbon film fossil

A

when a fossil is formed when the dead body partially decays and leaves thin black deposit of carbon

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6
Q

what is a transitional fossil

A

a fossil that shows features of two or more different groups eg. apes humans, land mammals and Whales dinosouars and birds

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7
Q

what is evolution

A

evolution is any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations

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8
Q

why are fossils important evidence for evolution

A

Most of the evidence for evolution comes from the fossil record. Fossils show how much, or how little, organisms have changed over time

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9
Q

What is the fossil record

A

the fossil record is a list showing all the classifications of all the species on earth that have been found as fossils

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10
Q

who came up with the theory for evolution

A

Charles Darwin and Alfred walace

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11
Q

what is natural selection.

A

when a environmental factor (abiotic/biotic) weather, predator acts on population and results in some organisms having a higher survival/offspring rate

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12
Q

what is the first step of natural selection

A

overproduction

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13
Q

what is the second step of natural selection

A

variation

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14
Q

what is the third step of natural selection

A

selection

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15
Q

what is the forth step of natural selection

A

adapation

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16
Q

what is the fifth step of natural selection

A

reproduction

17
Q

what is artificial selection.

A

when humans choose which characteristics they like and choose to breed that particular style

18
Q

what is the selective agent

A

the selective agent is the environmental factor that acts on the population during natural selection

19
Q

what is the selective pressure

A

the effect the selective agent has on the population

20
Q

what are the galapagos islands

A

the galapagos islands are where Charles darwin was able to prove his theroy of evolution. On the galapagos islands there are many different species of tortoises and each tortoise species on the different islands have adapted to sit that particular island

21
Q

what is the evidence for evolution

A 
the fossil record 
comparative  anatomy
genetics and biochemistry
geographical distribution of species
embryology
22
Q

what is comparative anatomy

A

comparative anatomy is the science of comparing the structure of a species with others and looking at the similarities and differences

23
Q

what is analogous structure

A

analogous structure is a structure that appears similar or have the same function even though the the individuals are unrelated fish penguins

24
Q

what is homologous structure

A

homologous structure is a simular structure in a related individual eg. whale fin, bat wing

25
Q

what are genetics and biochemistry

A

genetics and biochemistry is the study of genetics and how the molecules and chemicals found 9n living organisms

26
Q

geographical distribution

A

geographical distribution is where on there earth a particular species is found isolated laces have unique species that have adapted

27
Q

embryology

A

embryology is the study of the development, structure and function of embryos eg. where the blow hole is located

28
Q

what is speciation

A

speciation is when one species splits into two or more species

29
Q

what are the steps of speciation

A

the steps are variation, isolation, selection

30
Q

Why is varation neccarcry

A

variation is neccecary for natural selection to occur and for speciation to occur natural selection needs to occur

31
Q

what is isolation

A

in order for speciation to occur isolation needs to happen. isolation is keeping interbreeding groups apart by some barrier or mechanism

32
Q

what is selection

A

natural selection affects the genotype of each group eg. courtship behaviour

Biology (2 decks)

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