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Bio 11 > Evolution Vocabulary > Flashcards

Evolution Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution

A

•A process in which modern organisms descend from ancient ones

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2
Q

Fitness

A

•Combination of physical traits/behaviors that allow an organism to survive/ reproduce

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3
Q

Common Descent

A

•A principle that entitle that all derive from one

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4
Q

Adaptation

A

•A characteristic that enhances an organism’s chances of successfully passing on it genes

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5
Q

Geological Time Scale

A

•Earth’s time line

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6
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

•Rock formed by layers of Sediment

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7
Q

Palaeontologist

A
  • Scientist who studies fossils

* Creator of fossil record/providers of evolutionary knowledge

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8
Q

Fossil Record

A

•Incomplete collection of millions of fossils (history of earth’s organisms)

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9
Q

Embryos

A

•Organisms that have similar genes at the start of life due to common descent

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10
Q

Homologous structure

A

•Similar limbs that change depending on use

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11
Q

Vestigial Organs

A

•Ancient organs we no longer use

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12
Q

Evolutional Theory

A

•Carefully reasoned/tested hypothesis

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13
Q

Artificial Selection

A

•Human intervention during the breeding of an organism to create offspring with better traits

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14
Q

Non-Random Mating

A

•When probity of pair in more then normal

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15
Q

Natural Selection

A

•Weeding out the weak leaving the strongest of a species

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16
Q

Survival of the Fittest

A

•A process in which the strongest (most well adapted) of a species survives

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17
Q

Population

A

•Collection of a species numbers in one area

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18
Q

Gene Pool

A

•Common group of genes shared by a population

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19
Q

Relative Frequency

A

•Average times an event happens when repeated

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20
Q

Speciation

A
  • A process that leads to diversity

* New species evolve from old ones

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21
Q

Niche

A

•Where an organism lives and what it’s profession is

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22
Q

Reproductive Isolation

A

•New species are formed due to populations being separated

23
Q

Adaptive Radiation

A

•Process where one species gives rise to another

24
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

•AKA Adaptive Radiation

Process where one species gives rise to another

25
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

•Process that creates a species that looks/acts similar but can not reproduce

26
Q

Analogous Structures

A

Species that have a common characteristic but different origins

27
Q

Genetic Drift

A

•A kind of random change in frequency of a gene

28
Q

Gradualism

A

•Evolution occurs slowly and gradually

29
Q

Equilibrium

A

•Change is uncommon/ doesn’t change much (suck in time)

30
Q

Mass Extinction

A

•Phenomenon that occurs when most of a species disappears

31
Q

Punctuated Equilibrium

A

•Long stable periods of time that are disrupted by quick change

32
Q

Endangered Species

A

•Species that are on the edge of extinction

33
Q

Industrial Melanism

A

•Dark varieties of an organism due to camouflage

34
Q

Mutations

A

•Changing of structure of a gene for the better or worse

35
Q

Genes

A

•Characteristics that are passed down from parents to offspring

36
Q

Alleles

A

•Different forms of one type of gene

37
Q

Evolutional Fitness

A

•Word for when an organism passes on its genes to next gen successfully

38
Q

Chromosomes

A

•Carriers of genetic info by genes

39
Q

Species

A
  • Organisms that can breed with each other
  • Sharers of a gene pool
  • Look similar
40
Q

Fossils

A

•Persevered remains of organisms found in sedimentary rock

41
Q

Gene Flow

A

•Movement of genes from one population to another

42
Q

Darwin

A
  • Naturalist

* Came up with the Theory of Natural Selection

43
Q

How old was Darwin when he left for his voyage?

A
  • Dec 27/1831

* 22

44
Q

Where did the HMS Beagle go?

A

South America

45
Q

What was the title of Darwin’s book that he wrote after his 5yr voyage on the HMS Beagle?

A

•The Origins of Species

46
Q

The Theory of Natural Selection

A
  • Variation
  • Struggle for Existence
  • High Birth Rate
  • Survival of the Fittest
  • Natural Selection
47
Q

What the three main things that Natural Selection come down to?

A
  • Variation
  • Role of the individual vs the population
  • Environment
48
Q

Lamarck

A

•1st Describer of Evolution

49
Q

What were Lamarck’s 3 assumptions?

A
  • A Desire to Change: Born wanting to better ones self
  • Use and Disuse: shape alterations can occur if body is moved differently
  • Passing on Acquired Traits: Passing on of acquired characteristics to offspring

All were incorrect

50
Q

Lyell

A
  • Geologist

* Believed that the Earth was old

51
Q

What was the name of Lyell’s book?

A

Principles of Geology

52
Q

Malthus

A
  • Population Control

* Creator of Malthusian Doctrine

53
Q

What does the Malthusian Doctrine entitle?

A
  • Famine
  • Disease
  • War
54
Q

1st Studier of the Peppered Moths

A

•Bernard Kettlewell

Bio 11 (4 decks)

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