Exam 1 Flashcards
INR can be prolonged in:
Presence of anticoagulant therapy
Liver dysfunction
Vitamin K
Coagulation factor deficiency
What is a cause of hypernatremia?
Increased aldosterone production
Limited water intake
Diuretics, ARBs, ACEis
Excessive dietary intake
What is a cause of hyponatremia?
Excessive water intake
CHF, kidney failure, liver disease
Severe vomiting & diarrhea
Diuretics
Inadequate dietary intake
Reduced aldosterone synthesis
Hyperkalemia results in:
Respiratory distress
Arrhythmias
Neurological consequences
Hypokalemia results in:
Muscles palpations
Leg cramps, fatigue, muscle weakness
Flaccid paralysis
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Elevated calcium levels cause _________________ of bone. This creates symptoms such as:
Resorption.
Bones, groans, and stones
Symptoms of chronic hyperglycemia:
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Weight loss
Poor wound healing
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Normal fasting glucose?
70-99 mg/dL
Normal glucose after 2 hours?
140 mg/dl
Increased creative levels are indicative of:
Kidney failure
Why is BUN a measure of kidney fxn?
It is a waste product of liver catabolism!!! This is typically excreted through the kidneys but increased levels show that urea nitrogen is reabsorbing back into the blood and not getting excreted. This indicates kidney fxn loss.
Elevated BUN is associated w:
Heart failure
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Hypovolemia or dehydration
Shock
Urinary tract obstruction
Bilirubin assesses ______________ function
Liver
Why is bilirubin a measure of liver function?
It reduces the ability of the liver to clear the bilirubin. Bilirubin accumulates in the blood and it ends up in the kidney which gives urine the straw colored yellowness. It can also accumulates in the blood which causes jaundice.
These underlying pathologies cause inc. bilirubin levels:
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Alcoholic liver disease
Liver tumors
