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Pharmacology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Adverse Effects

A

More debilitating side effects, usually more
harmful than a side effect.

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2
Q

Agonist

A

drugs that bind to specific receptors and
produce drug action

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3
Q

Antagonist

A

drug that binds to a specific receptor and has no effect or blocks a drug action from occurring

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4
Q

Anticholinesterase

A

drugs that prolong the existence of acetylcholine after it is released from cholinergic nerve endings by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase

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5
Q

Bioavailability

A

The ability of a drug or other substance to be absorbed and used by the body

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6
Q

Biotransformation

A

the process by which substances that enter the body are changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic molecules to facilitate elimination from the body

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7
Q

Cholinesterase

A

rapidly breaks down the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, so that it does not over-stimulate post-synaptic nerves, muscles, and exocrine glands

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8
Q

Contraindication

A

conditions, diseases, or patients where use of drug is not indicated

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9
Q

DMMS

A

enzymes that convert lipid soluble drugs into
water soluble metabolites

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10
Q

Dose response curve

A

mathematical curve that plots the
intensity of drug effect as drug dosage is
increased

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11
Q

Drug

A

chemical that produces a change in
body function

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12
Q

Drug addiction

A

term used for the most severe states of drug
dependency, dominates other behavior

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13
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Drug effectiveness decreases, contributes to dependency. Causes include microsomal enzyme induction and
receptor down-regulation

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14
Q

Drug compliance

A

the degree or extent of conformity to the recommendations about day-to-day treatment

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15
Q

Drug dependence

A

When person “needs” drug to maintain their well-being. Has psychological and physical components

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16
Q

ED50

A

median effective dose (dose that produces desired
effect in 50% of subjects)

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17
Q

Geriatrics

A

healthcare for individuals over 65 years of age

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18
Q

Hypersensitivity

A
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19
Q

Indication

A

condition or disease for which drug is given

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20
Q

LD50

A

median lethal dose (dose that kills half the subjects)

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21
Q

Loading dose

A

n pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment to achieve TE before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose

22
Q

Maintenance dose

A

the dose administered throughout a dosage regimen to maintain effective drug concentrations

23
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

A severe reaction to anesthetics that typically includes a dangerously high body temperature, rigid muscles or spasms, and rapid heart rate.

24
Q

Maximal effect

A

The maximal response to drug concentration in the body

25
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

the explanation of how a drug produces
its intended therapeutic effect

26
Q

Muscarinic

A

Receptors located on effector membranes in smooth and cardiac muscle, parasympathetic fibers, and can be stimulated by alkaloid muscarine

27
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse

28
Q

Nicotinic

A

Located in the ganglia of both the
PNS and SNS, as well as the on the post-
synaptic membranes of neuromuscular
junctions. Stimulated by alkaloid nicotine.

29
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Stimulate many internal organs to increase
sympathetic activity, stored in nerve endings

30
Q

Onset of action

A

The length of time it takes for a medicine to start to work

31
Q

OTC

A

Over the counter

32
Q

Parasympatholytic

A

a substance or activity that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system by receptor blocking

33
Q

Parasympathomimetic

A

activate the parasympathetic nervous system by mimicking or modifying the effects of acetylcholine

34
Q

Parenteral administration

A

Parenteral drug administration means any non-oral means of administration

35
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of the mechanism of action of drugs
in living tissues

36
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of what the body does to the drug

37
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study or science of the properties of drugs and how they work in the body

38
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The use of drugs and the clinical indications for drugs to prevent and treat diseases

39
Q

Polypharmacy

A

The regular use of at least 5 individuals drugs

40
Q

Posology

A

Study of the amount of drug needed to produce therapeutic effects.

41
Q

Postganglionic nerve fiber

A

axons of postganglionic neurons, neuron cell bodies in ganglia

42
Q

Potency

A

The amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect

43
Q

Preganglionic nerve fiber

A

axons of preganglionic neurons, neuron cell bodies in CNS

44
Q

Site of action

A

location in the body where drug produces
the desired therapeutic effect

45
Q

Sympatholytic

A

Antagonize the sympathetic system, block the receptors of NE and EPI

46
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

Stimulate the sympathetic system, mimic NE and EPI

47
Q

Therapeutic effects

A

the desired medicinal effect of the drug

48
Q

Therapeutic drug range

A

The dosage range or blood plasma or serum concentration usually expected to achieve the desired therapeutic effect

49
Q

TI

A

(TI= LD50/ED50): therapeutic index, a measure of a drugs’ safety margin. Must be >1 to be usable

50
Q

Time response curve

A

mathematical curve that plots the effect
of a particular drug dosage over time

51
Q

Toxicology

A

The study of poisons and unwanted responses to therapeutic agents

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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