Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Voice and upper airway disorders > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does laryngeal pathology refer to?

A

It refers to organic changed to the larynx associated with injury, disease, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do laryngeal pathologies have to be malignant?

A

They can be benign or malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The closer pathologies are to the vocal folds, the more …

A

it affects voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What problems may involve if organic changes occur in the vocal folds?

A

Voice quality/ periodicity
Pitch
Loudness
Management of breath supply during speech
Vocal tract resonance
Airway protection during swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute laryngitis (โรคกล่องเสียงอักเสบ)results from….

A

inflammation of the vocal folds mucous membrane
-virus
-bacteria
-acute phonotrauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the voice usually like if the individual has acute laryngitis?

A

Low-pitched
Dysphonic (การออกเสียงลำบาก) due to edema and associated mass increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chronic laryngitis (เรื้อรัง) results from

A

Long-term irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does chronic laryngitis look like?

A

Thick mucous
Thickened vocal fold cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common causes of chronic laryngitis

A

Smoking
Long term phonotrauma
Frequent episodes of acute laryngitis
Speaking in a dehydrated state
Allergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Focus of treatment of chronic laryngitis

A

Optimizing technique and vocal hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vocal nodules lesion type

A

Benign, bilateral lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vocal nodules’ formation/ location

A

They form @juncture of anterior & middle 1/3 of the VF

“The point of maximum contact”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute nodules vs chronic nodules

A

Acute: softer, more pliable than chronic type
: more responsive to the therapy

Chronic: fibrotic, stiffer
: less responsive
: surgical removal may be required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nodules in puberty

A

Common

Usually resolve in males but persist in females

Voice quality is breathy, hoarse & strained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for voice nodules

A

-voice therapy
-hygiene counseling
-surgery (if therapy is unsuccessful)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vocal polyps lesion type

A

Blister-like, vascularized lesions
Unilateral (usually)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vocal polyps result from…

A

They result from acute or repeated phonotrauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vocal polyps originate from…

A

Sub epithelial space/ Reinke’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 types of vocal polyps

A

Pedunculted (on a stalk)
Sessile (broad based)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where can polyps occur?

A

Polyps can occur anywhere on the VFs but often on the free margin of VF where contact occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment for vocal polyps

A

Surgery is often needed coz if their vascularized nature (being supplied with blood vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reinke’s edema cause

A

Caused by fluid build-up under the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reinke’s edema a.k.a.

A

Polyploid degeneration
Coz the entire VF can become polyp-like (polypoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

VFs appear…

A

plump, pillow-like and sometimes grayish in color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Reinke’s edema occurs as a ….

A

reaction to trauma, chronic smoking or other irritation

26
Q

Reinke’s edema occurs mostly in … population

A

post-menopausal women due to metabolic changes that affect fluid retention

27
Q

What does the voice sound like in those with Reinke’s edema?

A

low in pitch, raspy, smoker’s voice

28
Q

Treatment for Reinke’s edema

A

surgery is often needed

29
Q

Vocal fold cyst develops in …..

A

the superficial layer of the lamina propria ( Reinke’s space)

30
Q

What is vocal fold cyst?

A

A mucus retention cyst develops from a blocked mucous gland, causing mucus to accumulate

31
Q

Where does vocal fold cyst occur?

A

It can occur anywhere, but commonly on free margin of the VF (trauma and swelling could contribute to blockage of the duct)

32
Q

Why does the cyst cause problems?

A

Cysts add mass and stiffness to the affected VF > changing the contour of the free margin to convex > affect glottal closure > cause a reaction on opposite side such as thickening of the mucus membrane (may appear like a nodule at times)

33
Q

Granuloma location

A

Lesion arises on the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage

34
Q

Granuloma results from…

A

It results from chemical or mechanical irritation from reflux, forceful speaking; especially @ low F0, endotracheal intubation

35
Q

Granuloma treatment may involve ….

A

Reflux management
Voice hygiene counseling
Surgery
Therapy to optimize voice as needed

36
Q

Laryngeal/ respiratory papilloma

A

Wart-like growth on the epithelium (HPV expression)

Rapid growth

Common in children (juvenile respiratory papilloma) (from mother during vaginal delivery)

37
Q

Location of Laryngeal/ Respiratory Papilloma

A

It develops in the surface of the VF/epithelium

38
Q

Laryngeal/ respiratory papilloma possibility to reoccur

A

Tends to recur

39
Q

Treatment for laryngeal/ respiratory papilloma

A

Laser surgery that preserves healthy tissue

Voice therapy to optimize voice

40
Q

Leukoplakia …

A

premalignant condition

41
Q

Leukoplakia results from

A

Keratin accumulation > dysplasia > cancer

Chronic irritation
-chemicals from smoking
-frequent alcohol use
-Chronic reflux
-mechanical irritation can contribute

42
Q

What does leukoplakia look like?

A

It has a white, patchy plaque appearance.

43
Q

Treatment options for Leukoplakia

A

Laser surgery
Voice hygiene counseling
Voice therapy to optimize voice as needed

44
Q

Carcinoma …

A

usually develops in epithelium but progress deeper

45
Q

Is carcinoma benign?

A

Carcinoma can be life-threatening

46
Q

Why is carcinoma a problem?

A

It adds stiffness and mass to the VFs

47
Q

Carcinoma results from

A

Chronic irritation that goes untreated
-smoking
-alcohol
(Synergistic relationship/ exponential increase in risk when both are present)

48
Q

Treatment options for carcinoma

A

Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Voice therapy
Voice restoration if total laryngectomy
Optimize remaining voice if partial laryngectomy &/or radiation

49
Q

Suprahyoid muscles (raise larynx)

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric

50
Q

Infrahyoid muscles lower larynx

A

Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

51
Q

Layers of vocal folds

A

Epithelium
Superficial
Intermediate
Deep
Muscle

52
Q

Lamina Propria consists of

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

53
Q

Cover of vocal folds

A

Epithelium & superficial layer

54
Q

Transition of VF

A

Intermediate and deep layers of Lamina propria

55
Q

Transition a.k.a.

A

Vocal ligament

56
Q

Body of VF

A

Vocalis/ thyroarytenoid muscle

57
Q

The vibratory cycle includes

A

Open phase
Closed phase

58
Q

Open phase has …

A

an opening portion: a closing portion

59
Q

What is opening portion?

A

Where the vocal folds are moving laterally (away from the midline)

60
Q

What is closing portion?

A

Where VFs are moving medially (back toward midline)

61
Q

Closed phase ….

A

the portion of the cycle where the VFs are closed

Voice and upper airway disorders (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions