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Soil Sciences > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Factors of soil formation

A

time, topography, parent material, climate and organisms

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2
Q

soil formation main processes

A

addition and losses, transformation, translocation

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3
Q

additions and losses

A

inputs water and organic matter and there are losses through weathering.
- change the soil overtime

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4
Q

transformation

A

weathering and decomposition change the nature of the soil

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5
Q

translocation

A

movement of material creates zones of depletion and enrichment, this creates vertical heterogeneity

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6
Q

O-Horizon

A

organic, decomposition, typically at the soil surface

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7
Q

A-Horizon

A

top mineral, organic matter accumulates and it is darkened by organic matter

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8
Q

E-Horizon

A

Lighter colored than A, Clay and organic matter have been leached , eluviation below A and O

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9
Q

B-Horizon

A

Where clay and organic matter from A and E accumulate, illuviation occurs

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10
Q

C-Horizon

A

Parent material, unconsolidated material below A and B

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11
Q

eluviation

A

removal, leaching

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12
Q

illuviation

A

accumulation

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13
Q

g

A

strong gleying - molting

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14
Q

h

A

illuvial accumulation of organic matter

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15
Q

k

A

accumulation of carbonates

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16
Q

n

A

accumulation of sodium

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17
Q

s

A

illuvial organic matter and iron, aluminum oxides

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18
Q

t

A

accumulation of silicate clays

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19
Q

o

A

accumulation of iron and aluminum oxides

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20
Q

p

A

plowing or other disturbances

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21
Q

glacial till

A

sediment deposited by a glacier

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22
Q

alluvium

A

transported by water (streams)

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23
Q

colluvium

A

gravity

24
Q

aeolian/loess

A

transported by wind/wind blown dust

25
Q

tephra

A

transported by volcanic eruption

26
Q

lacustrine/marine

A

formed at bottoms of lakes, carried to oceans by rivers and streams

27
Q

residual

A

formed in place - none

28
Q

physical weathering

A

change in size of the rocks and minerals by atmospheric agents without chemical alteration

29
Q

physical weathering examples

A

freezing/thawing, grinding and abrasion

30
Q

chemical weathering

A

change in the chemical nature of the rocks/minerals by atmospheric agents

31
Q

chemical reaction - hydrolysis

A

splitting H2O

32
Q

chemical reaction - hydration

A

addition of intact water molecule

33
Q

chemical reaction - carbonation

A

reaction with CO2 and H2Co3 solubilizing minerals

34
Q

chemical reaction - oxidation

A

electron loss

35
Q

reduction

A

electron gain

36
Q

dissolution

A

water as a solvent, hydration cations and anions

37
Q

Alfisols

A

argillic, natric and kandic horizon that has a high to medium base saturation

38
Q

Alfisols

A

alf

39
Q

andisols

A

from volcanic ejecta, dominated by allophane and al-humic complexes

40
Q

andisols

A

and

41
Q

aridisols

A

dry soil, ochric epipedon that is sometimes argillic or natric

42
Q

aridisols

A

id

43
Q

entisols

A

little profile development, ochric epipedon common

44
Q

entisols

A

ent

45
Q

gelisols

A

permafrost often with cryoturbation (frost churning)

46
Q

gelisols

A

el

47
Q

histosols

A

peat or bog >20% organic matter

48
Q

histosols

A

ist

49
Q

inceptisols

A

ept

50
Q

inceptisols

A

embryonic soils with few diagnostic features, ochric/umbric epipedon, cambric horizon

51
Q

mollisols

A

mollic epipedon, high base saturation, dark soils, argillic/natric horizons

52
Q

mollisols

A

oll

53
Q

oxisols

A

oxic horizon, no argillic horizon highly weathered

54
Q

oxisols

A

ox

55
Q
A

Soil Sciences (1 decks)

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