Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cultural Anthropology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A major subfield that focuses on the interrelationships among language and other aspects of a people’s culture.

A

anthropological linguistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The study of humankind (Homo sapiens) from a broad perspective, focusing especially on the biological and cultural differences and similarities among populations and societies of both the past and the present.

A

anthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The use of anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners often are employed by government agencies or private organizations.

A

applied anthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A major subfield that studies past cultures through the excavation and analysis of artifacts and other material remains.

A

archaeology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A major subfield of anthropology that studies the biological dimensions of humans.

A

biological (physical) anthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insistence by anthropologists that valid hypotheses and theories about humanity be tested with data from a wide range of cultures.

A

comparative perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A major subfield of anthropology that studies the way of life of
contemporary and historically recent human populations.

A

cultural anthropology (social anthropology, sociocultural anthropology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The notion that one should not judge the behavior or beliefs of other peoples using the standards of one’s own culture.

A

cultural relativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The attitude or opinion that the morals, values, and customs of one’s own culture are superior to those of other peoples

A

ethnocentrism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A written description of the way of life of some human group.

A

ethnography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Research that involves observing and interviewing the members of a society, region, or community to describe their contemporary way of life.

A

fieldwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Biological anthropologists who identify and analyze human skeletal remains.

A

forensic anthropologists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Worldwide process through which diverse peoples and nations are integrated into a single system involving flows of technology, transportation, communications, travel, and market exchanges.

A

globalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The part of archaeology that supplements historical research through excavating sites and studying material remains

A

historic archaeology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The assumption that any aspect of a culture is integrated with other aspects, so that every aspect of culture must be understood in its total context

A

holistic perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anatomical and physiological differences among human populations, researched primarily by biological anthropologists.

A

human variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The part of physical anthropology that specializes in investigating the biological evolution of the human species.

A

paleoanthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The study of peoples who lived before the development of writing by excavating sites and analyzing material remains

A

prehistoric archaeology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The study of primates, including monkeys and apes.

A

primatology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The culturally variable ways people perceive social and natural reality and divide those realities into categories, as illustrated by the cultural (social) construction of race.

A

cultural constructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The cultural tradition a group of people recognize as their own; the shared customs and beliefs that define how a group sees itself as distinctive.

A

cultural identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Culture

A

Shared, socially learned knowledge and patterns of behavior of some human group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The transmission of culture to succeeding generations by means of social learning.

A

enculturation (socialization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Shared ideas and expectations about how people ought to act in given situations.

A

norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The behaviors that most people perform when they are in certain culturally defined situations.

A

patterns of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A social position in a group, with its associated and reciprocal rights (privileges) and duties (obligations).

A

role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A cultural identity within the legal boundaries of a nation-state, based upon various recognized and relevant criteria.

A

subculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Objects, behaviors, and so forth whose culturally defined meanings have no necessary relationship to their inherent physical qualities.

A

symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Shared ideas or standards about the worthwhileness of goals and lifestyles.

A

values

30
Q

The way a people interpret reality and events, including how they see themselves in relation to the world around them.

A

World view

31
Q

A morpheme that is attached to a free morpheme to alter its meaning.

A

bound morpheme

32
Q

A regional or subcultural variant of language

A

dialect

33
Q

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word

A

free morpheme

34
Q

The total system of linguistic knowledge that allows the speakers of a language to send meaningful messages and hearers to understand them.

A

grammar

35
Q

A combination of phonemes that conveys a standardized meaning.

A

morpheme

36
Q

The study of the units of meaning in language.

A

morphology

37
Q

The smallest unit of sound that speakers recognize as distinctive from other sounds.

A

phoneme

38
Q

The study of the sound system of a language.

A

phonology

39
Q

The idea that language profoundly shapes the perceptions and world view of its speakers.

A

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

40
Q

A class of things or properties, hierarchically organized, that are perceived as alike in some fundamental respect.

A

semantic domain

41
Q

The study of how language is related to culture and the social uses of speech.

A

sociolinguistics

42
Q

Languages in which changing the voice pitch within a word alters the meaning of the word

A

tone languages

43
Q

The exchange of people, diseases, domesticated animals and plants, and cultural knowledge between the peoples of the Old World and the New World.

A

Columbian Exchange

44
Q

The economic exchange of goods and other products between the different peoples of the world via established trade networks.

A

Global trade

45
Q

The peoples who were native to the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania at the start of European expansion.

A

Indigenous peoples

46
Q

The land masses of North America, South America, and the islands of the Caribbean.

A

New World

47
Q

Refers to the land masses of Europe, Asia, and Africa.

A

Old World

48
Q

The feeling of uncertainty and anxiety that an individual experiences when placed in a strange cultural setting.

A

culture shock

49
Q

Analyzes cultural elements in terms of their useful effects for individuals and/or for survival and persistence of the whole society or other group.

A

functionalism

50
Q

An early twentieth-century approach that challenged evolutionism by emphasizing that each culture is a unique result of its distinctive past, which makes cross-cultural generalizations questionable

A

historical particularism (historicism)

51
Q

Methods of collecting information about a culture by systematic questioning; may be structured (questionnaires) or unstructured (open-ended questions).

A

interviews

52
Q

A member of a society who is especially knowledgeable about some subject and supplies information to a fieldworker.

A

key consultant (key informant)

53
Q

A theory holding that the main influence on human ways of life is how people produce and distribute resources from their environment.

A

materialism (cultural materialism)

54
Q

The main technique used in conducting ethnographic fieldwork, involving living among a people and participating in their daily activities.

A

participant observation

55
Q

The orientation that questions the truth value of beliefs and knowledge, including those of science; focuses especially on how power relationships affect the creation and spread of ideas and beliefs.

A

postmodernism

56
Q

Methods used by fieldworkers to gather information from a lot of individuals or families very quickly

A

surveys

57
Q

The nineteenth-century theory that held that all cultures pass through a similar sequence of stages in their development.

A

unilineal evolution

58
Q

Adaptation based primarily on the planting, tending, and harvesting of domesticated plants (crops).

A

agriculture (cultivation)

59
Q

A small foraging group with flexible composition that migrates seasonally

A

band

60
Q

A form of complex society in which many people live in cities.

A

civilization

61
Q

The patterned ways in which productive tasks are divided up along the lines of gender, sex, skill and knowledge, interest, and other criteria.

A

division of labor

62
Q

The process by which people control the distribution, abundance, and biological features of certain plants and animals in order to increase their usefulness to humans.

A

domestication

63
Q

The process in which companies located in one country relocate their production facilities to other countries to reduce costs and be more competitive.

A

globalization of production

64
Q

Adaptation based on the control and breeding of domesticated livestock, which are taken to naturally occurring pastureland.

A

herding (pastoralism)

65
Q

A method of cultivation in which hand tools powered by human muscles are used.

A

horticulture

66
Q

Adaptation based on harvesting only wild (undomesticated) plants and animals.

A

hunting and gathering (foraging)

67
Q

The productive technology that harnesses the energy of fossil fuels (petroleum, coal, and natural gas) to satisfy human material needs and wants.

A

industrialism

68
Q

A system of cultivation in which plots are planted annually or semiannually; usually uses irrigation, natural fertilizers, and (in the Old World) plows powered by animals.

A

intensive agriculture

69
Q

A form of seasonal mobility, usually referring to pastoral peoples who move their livestock to seasonally lush pasturelands

A

nomadism

70
Q

Rural people who are integrated into a larger society politically and economically.

A

peasants

71
Q

Food or other goods produced by a worker in excess of the amount needed for his or her own consumption as well as the needs of his or her dependents.

A

surplus

72
Q

The widespread pastoral pattern of migrating to different elevations in response to seasonal differences in temperature and pastureland.

A

transhumance

Cultural Anthropology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions