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Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the smallest unit of all living things

A

cell

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2
Q

heart and blood vessels are primary organs

A

cardiovascular system

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3
Q

skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones

A

muscular system

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4
Q

raids the body of indigestible food residue feces

A

digestive system

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5
Q

removed nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine

A

urinary system

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6
Q

the ability to sense a mosquito landing on your arm and sweating it away

A

responsiveness (irritability)

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7
Q

accounts for 60-80% of body weight

A

water

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8
Q

in anatomical position, the palms of the hands are facing

A

forward

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9
Q

monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop

A

receptor

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10
Q

what negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland when it is cooling the body

A

effector

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11
Q

the body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions

A

homeostais

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12
Q

acromial region is___ to the antebrachial region

A

proxiaml

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13
Q

the spinal cord is_____

A

medial

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14
Q

a torn ligament in the patellar region would cause difficulties with your_____

A

knee

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15
Q

central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart

A

mediastrinum

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16
Q

the right and left iliac regions are____ to the hypogastric

A

laterale

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17
Q

example of positive feedback

A

uterine contractions during childbirth

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18
Q

organ in the right hypochondriac region

A

the liver

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19
Q

ventral is synonymous with _____ in humans

A

the liver

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20
Q

ventral is synonymous with ______in humans

A

anterior

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21
Q

orbital cavities house

A

the eyes

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22
Q

the epigastric region house

A

the stomach

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23
Q

where is the umbilical region located

A

in the center

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24
Q

example of thee physiological study

A

observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

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25
Q

study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another

A

anatomy

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26
Q

controls and coordinates the body using hormones

A

the endocrine system

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27
Q

supply the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

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28
Q

system that covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues

A

integumentary system

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29
Q

components of a homeostatic control system in order

A

receptor, afferent pathways, control center, efferent pathways, effector

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30
Q

not considered a nutrient

A

water

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31
Q

considered nutrients

A

mineral, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins

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32
Q

linked with responsiveness

A

nervous syetm

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33
Q

your feet are____to your knees

A

distal

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34
Q

a broken bone in the tarsal region is in the

A

ankle

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35
Q

the patellar region is_____ to the popliteal region

A

anterior

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36
Q

the gluteal region is on the_____body surface

A

posterior

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37
Q

plane that equally separates the right and left halves of the body

A

sagittal section (midsagittal)

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38
Q

made up of different types of tissue

A

stomach

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39
Q

work together to ensure blood circulation to the body’s cell is adequate

A

cardiovascular lymphatic systems

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40
Q

most homeostatic control mechanisms are

A

negative feedback mechnaisms

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41
Q

regional term pedal refers to

A

the foot

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42
Q

the hypogastric region is _______ to the umbilical region

A

inferior

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43
Q

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

A

the diaphram

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44
Q

above

A

superior

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45
Q

away from the midline

A

lateral

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46
Q

internal

A

deep

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47
Q

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachement of a limb

A

proximal

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48
Q

anterior

A

ventral

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49
Q

external

A

superficial

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50
Q

toward the midline

A

medial

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51
Q

serve as lubricants in their respective locations

A

serous fluid and synovial fluid

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52
Q

tow regions of the connective tissue composing the dermis

A

papillary and reticular areas

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53
Q

sebaceous glands and sweat glands are____ associated with the skin

A

cutaneous glands

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54
Q

associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital regions

A

apocrine glands

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55
Q

contracts and pulls ahor upright when we are cold or frieghtended

A

arrecror pili muscle

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56
Q

examples of serous membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior

A

pleura and pericardium

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57
Q

lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints

A

synovial membrane

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58
Q

portions of hair that is removed in shvaing

A

hair shaft

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59
Q

the outermost layer of the epidermis is kerantinized and known as the stratum

A

corneum

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60
Q

pigments that contribute to skin color

A

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

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61
Q

sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are_____ because they release secretions onto the skins surface via ducts

A

mucous glands

62
Q

reduces friction in movable joints

A

synovial fluid

63
Q

a needle performing a biopsy of lung tissue would travel through the serous membrane layers surrounding the lung in the following order

A

parietal pleura, visceral pleura, lung

64
Q

only dry membrane

A

cutaneous membrane

65
Q

the skin and its appendages

A

integumentary system,

66
Q

vital function of the integumentary system

A

synthesizes vitamin D

67
Q

protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer

A

keratin

68
Q

the epidermis is composed of

A

stratified squamous epithelium

69
Q

has abundant adipose tissue

A

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

70
Q

Toya stepped on a tack while barefoot. it pierced all way into the dermis. through which strata of the epidermis did the tack pierce, from superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum,
stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum,
stratum basale,

71
Q

composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells

A

stratum corneum

72
Q

connects directly to the dermis

A

stratum basale

73
Q

fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the

A

papillary layer of the dermis

74
Q

connect each side of the hair follicle to the dermis tissue

A

function of the arrector pili muscle

75
Q

layer of the epidermis that forms the nail bed

A

stratum basale

76
Q

frequent hand washing can cause the outer layers of skin to fry out. what is removed from skin during this activity

A

sebum

77
Q

people who wear antiperspirant with deodorant are trying to reduce the secretions of the

A

sudoriferous glands

78
Q

skin disorder characterized by the loss of skin pigmentation

A

vitiligo

79
Q

considered a superficial partial-thickness burn, burned area affects the epidermis and superficial dermis

A

second degree burn

80
Q

burned area often appears blanched or blackened, burned area is not painful and skin grafting is needed to cover underlying exposed tissues

A

third degree burn

81
Q

burns that can affect deeper tissues such as bones, muscles, or tendons, he burned are appears dry and leathery

A

fourth degree burn

82
Q

distinguish between the locations and secretions of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

A

the apoctine gland is in the armpits and genitals while the eccrine glands are everywhere else

83
Q

the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body

A

axial skeleton

84
Q

the bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the skeleton

A

appendicular skeleton

85
Q

basic types of bone tissue

A

compact and spongy

86
Q

last two pairs of ribs that have no attachment to the sternum

A

false ribs

87
Q

anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible

A

teeth

88
Q

spinal cord passes through the body of each vertebra

A

false (the vertebral foramen)

89
Q

a new born baby has a _______ spinal curvature

A

c-shaped

90
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A

-storage of fat and minerals, protection of soft body organs, support the body, allows movement
-blood cell formation

91
Q

cube shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called

A

short bones

92
Q

bone formation

A

ossification

93
Q

how does a formation of a bony callus assist with the process of bone healing after a fracture

A

the bony callus made of spongy bone, which replaces the fibrocartilage callus

94
Q

an 80 yr old woman has lost several inches of height due to crushed bone in her vertebrae, what common type is osteoporotic bones of older people

A

compression

95
Q

the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

A

axial skeleton

96
Q

temporal bones are joining with the parietal bones at the

A

squamous suture

97
Q

order of vertebrae superior to inferior

A

cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae

98
Q

head of the humerus fits into

A

the glenoid cavity

99
Q

two or more bone meet at

A

articulation (joint)

100
Q

immovavle joints

A

synarthrosis

101
Q

the ilium, pubis, and ischium form the

A

pelvic girdle bone

102
Q

the greater tubercle and trochlea are bone markings situated on the bone marked by

A

humorous

103
Q

site of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

A

bone marking

104
Q

incomplete bone break

A

greenstick fracture

105
Q

broken bone portion is pushed inward

A

depressed fracture

106
Q

ragged bone breaks resulting from twisting forces

A

spiral fracture

107
Q

bone breaks into many fragments

A

comminuted fracture

108
Q

broken bone ends are forced into each other

A

impacted fracture

109
Q

facial bones

A

axial skeleton

110
Q

tarsals

A

appendicular skeleton

111
Q

sternum

A

axial skeleton

112
Q

femur

A

appendicular skeleton

113
Q

phalanges

A

appendicular skeleton

114
Q

phalanges

A

appendicular skeleton

115
Q

sacrum

A

axial skeleton

116
Q

ulna

A

appendicular skeleton

117
Q

true ribs

A

axial skeleton

118
Q

clavicle

A

appendicular skeleton

119
Q

plane joint

A

wrist bones, carpals, tarsals

120
Q

pivot joint

A

forearm, radius, ulna

121
Q

hinge joint

A

knee, elbow

122
Q

condylar joint

A

fingers, metacarpals, phalanx

123
Q

saddle joint

A

thumb, carpals, metacarpal

124
Q

ball and socket joint

A

shoulder, humerus, scapular or femur, pelvis

125
Q

list and explain the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture

A

the first thing that happens is a hematoma forms, which is basically bruising and swelling. after that, a fibrocartilage callus forms, which is later replaced by a bony callus. this step is when osteoclasts and oestoblasts come into play. finally, the last step is bone remodeling

126
Q

large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect

A

foramen magnum

127
Q

the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process fuse to form

A

the sternum

128
Q

commonly referred to as cheeckbones

A

zygomatic bones

129
Q

what type of vertebrae is a vertebra with foramina situated in the transverse processes

A

cervical

130
Q

the intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of

A

fibrocartilage

131
Q

seven of this type of vertebrae

A

cervical

132
Q

twelve of this type of vertebrae

A

throacic

133
Q

five of this type of vertebrae

A

lumbar

134
Q

bones that form the plan of the hand

A

metacarpals

135
Q

bones that form the shoulder joint

A

scapula and humorous

136
Q

only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

A

hyoid bone

137
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joint

138
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joint

139
Q

diarthroses

A

freely movable joint

140
Q

distinguishing feature of a synovial joint

A

joint cavity

141
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones are connected by firvbrocartilage

142
Q

types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis and symphysis

143
Q

symphysis cartilages joints

A

slightly movable, found in the public symphysis, intervertebral joints

144
Q

synchondrosis cartilaginous joints

A

immobile, found in epiphyseal plates of growing ling bones

145
Q

four distinguishing features of synovial joints

A

articular cartilage, articular capsule, joint cavity, reinforcing ligaments

146
Q

first long bones of a fetus

A

hyaline cartilage

147
Q

fibrous membranes connecting the cranical bones in the fetal skull, often referred to as soft spots

A

fontanels

148
Q

bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint cavity

A

dislocation

149
Q

should be done by a physician process of returning bone back to its original position

A

reduction

150
Q

bone thinning disease in which they become more fragile

A

osteoporosis

Anatomy (16 decks)

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