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Public Health > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonotic disease

A

Disease transmittiable between humans and animals that is natural

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2
Q

Zooeyia

A

Benefits of pet ownership to individuals and communities

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3
Q

Direct zoonotic disease is given from

A

Animal to human

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4
Q

Indirect zoonotic disease is given from

A

Vector to human; ticks, fleas

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5
Q

Health

A

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

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6
Q

Onehealth

A

Collaberative approach, working at locals, regional, and national levels; Recognizes interconnections between animals, people, and environment

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7
Q

Market justice prioritizes

A

Individual responsibility, freedom to be “left alone”, minimal obligation to the common good

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8
Q

Social justice prioritizes

A

Minimalizing preventable deaths, minimum food and housing as a human right

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9
Q

What four factors make public health controversial?

A

Economics, religion & politics, market justice vs social justice, individual freedom vs collective responsibility

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10
Q

Vets play role in public health in ultimately eliminating zoonotic diseases via:

A

Diagnosis, surveillance, epidemiology, control of disease, and prevention

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11
Q

Private clinic vets’ role in public health is typically

A

Prevention/Diagnosis of disease; Promoting human health by zooeyia, service dogs, and education of zoonotics

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12
Q

Public vets’ role in public health is typically

A

Report disease trends; Collaborate with human counterpart on zoonotic diseases; Advise health boards

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13
Q

The following organizations are responsible for:
FDA =
USDA =
EPA =

A

FDA = internal drugs, food, veterinary devices
USDA = vaccines and biologics
EPA = Pesticides

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14
Q

Food safety inspection is under which secretary?

A

Secretary for food safety; ensure food is safe and without food-borne illnesses

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15
Q

Animal and plant health inspection is under which secretary?

A

Secretary for marketing and regulatory programs; Also implements welfare programs and wildlife damage management

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16
Q

State Veterinarian is under

A

State department of agriculture

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17
Q

State veterinarian works to

A

Oversee livestock, poultry, and aquaculture; Sometimes cases of animal cruelty

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18
Q

State public health veterinarian is under

A

State deparment of health

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19
Q

State public health veterinarian works to

A

Oversee zoonotic disease control and prevention

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20
Q

“WOAH” stands for

A

World organization of animal health

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21
Q

What diseases constitute a notification to WOAH?

A

Any disease that threatens to endanger a population via health or economically

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22
Q

When suspecting a zoonotic disease veterinarians are mandated to…

A

Report and notify deparment of agriculture/game and fish/health services department

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23
Q

List of required reportable zoonotic diseases

A

Anthrax, avian influenza, brucellosis, tuberculosis, equine encephalomyelitis, q fever, vesicular stomatitis, leptospirosis, west nile virus, rabies, tularemia, avian chlamydiosis

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24
Q

Climate change is a threat ______

A

Multiplier

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25
Q

In what ways does climate change threaten the health of living systems

A

Warmer climates impact vectors of disease, food safety, and habitat safety

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26
Q

Organisms rely on the ecosystem for:

A

Fresh water, food sources, fuel, air quality

27
Q

Poor biodiversity can result in

A

Poor water and air quality, more diseases, unstable climates, and lack of food security

28
Q

In a trophic cascade, the 1st will have a ____ impact on the 2nd level, but the 3rd level will have an ____ impact on the 1st

A

direct; indirect

29
Q

Keystone species tend to exist in ecosystems that

A

Predator-prey relationship diversity is relatively low; If the keystone species can’t be replaced

30
Q

List the 5 social determinants of health

A

Economic stability, education access/quality, healthcare access/quality, neighborhood/community, social

31
Q

The ten great public health achievements overall allowed for:

A

Decreased mortality and an increase in life expectancy and quality

32
Q

Economic stability aims to:

A

Help pay for food and housing, provide employment programs, provide childcare

33
Q

Education access/quality is important to

A

Help children to be more knowledgable and financially stable in the future; helped by keeping students in school (financially and mentally)

34
Q

Healthcare access/quality is important to

A

Increase life quality/expectancy; need to increase insurance coverage and allow for preventative care

35
Q

Keep neighborhoods good and safe by

A

Creating interventions to make them safer and more walkable

36
Q

Keep social aspect healthy by

A

Creating programs to help people get support from peers and community

37
Q

Poverty affects human health by

A

Poor food and healthcare access, less safe jobs, less safe homes, more prone to face environmental threats

38
Q

Primary level of health care aims to ______ and begins _____

A

Avoid disease completely by removing risk factor; before disease onset

39
Q

Secondary level of health care aims to _____ and begins ______

A

Detect disease before clinical phase via early detection to prevent progression; after disease onset, before clinical diagnosis

40
Q

Tertiary level of health care aims to ______ and begins _______

A

Minimize harm of sick individual by reducing complications; After diagnosis

41
Q

What is the base rate fallacy?

A

Ignoring the base rate in favor of individuating favorable information; need to look at the whole data given

42
Q

Based on the PLIT, what are the 5 common safety risks?

A

Mishandling of hazardous materials, slip risks, lack of formal safety programs, inaqdeuate bite prevention and animal-handling protocols, poor ergonomics

43
Q

List interventions of heirarchy of controls from most to least effective

A

elimination, substitution, engingeering controls, administrative controls, PPE

44
Q

Engineering controls involve

A

Isolating people from the hazard

45
Q

Solid waste

A

Majority of waste (both household and practice)

46
Q

Medical waste

A

Any solid waste used for diagnosing or treatment (needles, tissue)

47
Q

Regulated medical waste (RMW)

A

Medical waste that may be infectious

48
Q

Hazardous waste

A

Any waste that can be hazardous to the environment

49
Q

Sharps, including needles and suture needles, are considered to be ____ waste

A

Regulated medical waste

50
Q

If the waste comes in contact with anything hazardous it is automatically considered ______ waste

A

Hazardous

51
Q

Biomedical waste is treated either by…

A

Treating at the clinic or by shipping to a reputable company

52
Q

In shipping biological samples, Category A includes

A

A sample that is known to contain an etiologic agent (Brucella abortus, equine encephalitis virus); requires training

53
Q

In shipping biological samples, Category B includes

A

A sample that is not known, but suspected to contain an etiologic agent (leptospirosis, etc.); Unconfirmed cases of Category A; doesn’t require training

54
Q

What is considered in the exempt category for shipping samples?

A

Samples collected for routine testing and not related to testing for diseases

55
Q

Effective methods of managing animal waste for large animals include

A

Minimizing hazard; carcasses can be buried, cremated, or rendered depending on what is best for the environment. Waste also be reused as fertilizer in farm to prevent waste buildup

56
Q

Effective methods of managing animal waste for small animals include

A

Proper burial (3ft. minimum); Cremation often done; If infectious, carcass becomes regulated medical waste

57
Q

What ways do large animal providers minimize hazards of waste buildup on farms?

A

Anaerobic lagoons, genetically modifying animals and feed to make manure less toxic (less P and N)

58
Q

What is recommended in animals that are potentially contaminated?

A

Cremate whenever possible; if not proper burial should be done; goal is to prevent wildlife from getting in contact with it

59
Q

What must acceptible depopulation methods ensure?

A

That animals experience a rapid loss of consciousness/brain function and are handled humanely before and during depopulation

60
Q

Depopulation methods function through what four basic mechanisms

A

Physical dsiruption of brain activity, hypoxia, direct depression of neurons for life function, or epileptiform brain activity

61
Q

List two common depopulation methods for large animals, medium animals, and poultry

A

gunshot or penetrating captive bolt; non-penetrating captive bolt, CO2; CO2, Ar, or N, and water-based foam

62
Q

Ventilation shutdown is used when?

A

In cases where rapid depopulation of massive numbers of poultry is necessary

63
Q

List process of emergency declaration

A
  1. Emergency declared by government officials 2. Veterinarians join the VMO (SART, VMART) 3. Animals moved to either morgue, hospital, or shelter

Public Health (4 decks)

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