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BIO 200 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name for polymer of lipids

A

triglyceride

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2
Q

What is denaturation?

A

A structural change in a protein (e.g. caused by heat and pH) that results in the loss of its biological properties.

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3
Q

Helps DNA make protein

A

RNA

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4
Q

Name all chemical elements that make up proteins

A

Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen

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5
Q

General name for a Carbohydrate made of 2 sugar monomers

A

Disaccharide

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6
Q

Name of reaction that builds monomers into polymers by removing a water molecule

A

dehydration synthesis

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7
Q

Contains hereditary material

A

DNA

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8
Q

Found in avocado, oils and nuts

A

lipids- unsaturated fats

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9
Q

DNA stands for

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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10
Q

molecule for muscles

A

protein

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11
Q

Carbohydrate monomer

A

monosaccharide

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12
Q

carbohydrate polymer

A

polysaccharide

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13
Q

2 carb monomers

A

disaccharide

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14
Q

functions of lipids

A

cell membrane component, insulation and long term energy storage

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15
Q

DNA to RNA to

A

Protein

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16
Q

Phospholipids make up what part of a cell

A

cell membrane

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17
Q

monomers for proteins

A

amino acids

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18
Q

polymers for proteins

A

protein

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19
Q

Type of fat that is liquid at room temperature

A

unsaturated fat

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20
Q

Phosphate group molecular formula

A

PO4

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21
Q

Hydroxyl group molecular formula

A

OH

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22
Q

Carbonyl group molecular formula

A

C=O

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23
Q

Carboxyl group molecular formula

A

COOH

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24
Q

Methyl group molecular formula

A

CH3

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25
Q

Amino group molecular formula

A

NH2

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26
Q

Sulfhydryl group molecular formula

A

SH

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27
Q

When something is non-polar and will not dissolve in water

A

Hydrophobic

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28
Q

Nucleotides are made up of..

A

pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

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29
Q

Compounds made with carbon

A

organic chemicals

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30
Q

Compounds made without carbon

A

inorganic chemicals

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31
Q

storage polysaccharide found in animals

A

glycogen

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32
Q

storage polysaccharide found in plants

A

starch

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33
Q

storage polysaccharides & origin

A

chitin- insects and fungi
cellulose- plants and wood

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34
Q

RNA stands for

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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35
Q

Cytosine (C) pairs with

A

Guanine (G)

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36
Q

monomers for nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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37
Q

polymers for nucleic acid

A

nucleic acid
peptide-short chain
polypeptide-long chain

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38
Q

Type of fat with at least one double bond in the chemical chain structure

A

unsaturated

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39
Q

Function of protein in muscle of the body

A

structure or movement

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40
Q

two polymers for nucleic acids

A

DNA & RNA

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41
Q

Type of fat that is solid at room temperature

A

saturated

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42
Q

Reaction that breaks polymers into monomers by adding a water molecule

A

hydrolysis

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43
Q

Water loving

A

hydrophilic

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44
Q

What’s a hydroxyl group,
where’s it found,
function

A

A functional group consisting of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom, found in alcohols and capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water. (-OH)

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45
Q

What’s a carboxyl group,
what’s does it act as

A

A functional group composed of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group, acting as an acid. (-COOH)

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46
Q

Glucose is converted by the body into this carbohydrate and stored in the liver

A

Glycogen

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47
Q

Type of fat with no double bonds in the chemical chain structure

A

saturated

48
Q

Name of bond between amino acids

A

peptide bonds

49
Q

Name of bond between monosaccharides

A

glycosidic

50
Q

Name of bond between nucleotides

A

phosphodiester

51
Q

lipid bonds

A

ester linkage

52
Q

What elements make up carbohydrates? And what’s the ratio formula for carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen
Ratio Formula:
CH2O
(1C:2H:1O)

53
Q

Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with

A

Thymine (T)

54
Q

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

A

isomers

55
Q

Adenine (A) in RNA pairs with

A

Uracil (U)

56
Q

What’s a Sulfhydryl group
what’s its function

A

A functional group containing a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, contributing to protein stabilization through cross-linking. (-SH)

57
Q

What’s a methyl group
What’s its function

A

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, influencing the shape and function of organic molecules. (-CH3)

58
Q

Molecule that is transported in the blood by the protein hemoglobin and is why the blood is RED

A

oxygen

59
Q

Name of the structure of the DNA molecule

A

double helix

60
Q

What structure regulates internal (ca++)

A

smooth er

61
Q

What structure contains digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

62
Q

what structure does Sorting for delivery to particular cellular locations

A

Golgi apparatus

63
Q

what structure does Protein synthesis?

A

Rough ER

64
Q

what structure does Phagocytosis - Fuse with food vacuoles

A

lysosomes

65
Q

Which cytoskeletal proteins is the most diverse?

A

intermediate filaments

66
Q

What structure detoxifies drugs/ poisons

A

smooth ER

67
Q

what structure does Membrane synthesis?

A

rough ER

68
Q

what structure break down and recycle materials

A

lysosomes

69
Q

what structure does protein modification

A

rough ER

70
Q

What endomembrane structure makes Steriods

A

smooth ER

71
Q

Which cytoskeletal proteins is the most stable

A

intermediate filaments

72
Q

Which cytoskeletal proteins makes hairs and nails?

A

intermediate filaments

73
Q

What’s the origin for Lysosomes?

A

From Golgi apparatus

74
Q

What structure does Chemical modifications

A

Golgi apparatus

75
Q

what happens in Depolymerization?

A

fibers shrink

76
Q

Write these from smallest to largest

Proteins, smallest bacteria, atoms, nucleus, virus, ribosomes

A

Atoms
Proteins
Ribosomes
Virus
Smallest bacteria
Nucleus

77
Q

What structure does lipid synthesis

A

Smooth ER

78
Q

what happens in polymerization?

A

Fibers grow

79
Q

what happens in polymerization?

A

Fibers grow

80
Q

what is the function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

A

digestion of cellular waste and debris

81
Q

What maintains the shape of plant cells, providing structural support

A

cell wall

82
Q

Which cellular structure is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleolus

83
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Modifies and packages proteins

84
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

Produces chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell

85
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils

86
Q

What does the central vacuole do?

A

Regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, stores cell compounds

87
Q

What does chloroplast do?

A

Makes sugar by converting light energy into chemical energy

88
Q

Which cellular junction prevents movement of substances between cells in the extracellular space?

A

Tight Junctions

89
Q

The method of reasoning that uses construction of general principles by careful examination of many specific cases is called..

A

inductive reasoning

90
Q

Chromatin is located in the __ and consists of ___.

A

Nucleus, histones (proteins)

91
Q

Hydrogen bonds between the side chains of a polypeptide are the basis for what level

A

Tertiary

92
Q

What bonds are in the primary level of protein?

A

peptide bonds

93
Q

What bonds are in secondary level and what structures do they form?

A

hydrogen bonds form alpha helix and beta sheets

94
Q

What bonds are in the tertiary level of a protein?

A

hydrogen, ionic, disulfide, hydrophobic

95
Q

what’s an ionic bond?

A

Positively and negatively charged atoms bonding

96
Q

what is the shape of the cell determined by?

A

cytoskeleton

97
Q

What do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t?

A

nucleus, membrane bound organelles, endomembrane systems

98
Q

What do prokaryotes have that eukaryotes don’t?

A

fimbrae, nucleoid, capsule, flagella

99
Q

what do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have?

A

plasma membrane, genetic material, cytosol, ribosomes

100
Q

what is the plasma membrane?

A

barrier between external and internal environment

101
Q

what is cytosol?

A

aqueous solution inside the cell

102
Q

what are ribosomes

A

molecular machines that make proteins

103
Q

What do animal cells have that plant cells don’t?

A

centriole, flagellum, microvilli, lysosomes

104
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

chloroplast, cell wall, plasmodesmata

105
Q

What is the fimbriae’s purpose?

A

helps cell stick to things, aherence

106
Q

what is the flagella’s purpose?

A

helps cell swim

107
Q

what does the nucleoid contain?

A

DNA

108
Q

what does the chromosome’s contain?

A

nucleoid

109
Q

what is a capsule?

A

outermost layer of prokaryote

110
Q

what do ribosomes do?

A

make proteins

111
Q

desmosomes

A

cell adhesion, bind cells together and can’t separate from the structure around it

112
Q

gap junctions

A

cell communication (small monomers can move through)

113
Q

what is the extra cellular space in plant cells

A

cell walls

114
Q

what are cellulose and pectin

A

plant polysaccharides

115
Q

2 types of micro tubules

A

flagella and cilia

116
Q

what do motor proteins do

A

move cargo along microtubule track

BIO 200 (4 decks)

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