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Kinesiology > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why should we know baseline history?

A

Helps us see patterns

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2
Q

Classic Era (History)

A

1
Anatomy, physiology, movement
How movement helps us

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3
Q

Early Modern Era (History)

A

2
Deeper understanding
of Anatomy
Decartes: Body is a machine
Borelli: Muscles use leverage (Father of Biomechanics)
Movement influenced by culture (Work related labor)

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4
Q

Industrial/Technological Revolutions (History)

A

3
Physical labor performance/injury prevention
Fredrick Window Taylor: Study of human motion (efficiency movement)
Human development and learning
Baby biographies=motor behavior=motor control (why do things happen)

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5
Q

West Road Expansion (History)

A

4
“The Good Life”
Start of selling health related things to make life better

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6
Q

World Wars and Great Depression (History)

A

5
Performance psychology and physiology
PTSD
1/3 of WW2 draftees were unfit to serve: sparked interest into better physical health
August Krogh’s Cycle Ergometer: Cycling

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7
Q

Informative Age (History)

A

6
Increasing inclusion for military and sport
Primary school Physical tests
President Dwight Eisenhower:Exercise Sport
Jackie Robinson: Desegregation of baseball
Title IX: approved in 1972. Prohibits sex based discrimination
Dr. Morris: double decker bus driver vs conductors (who is in better shape)

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8
Q

Dr. Paffenbarger (History)

A

Informative Age
More energy spent at work=less chance of heart problems
Health and fitness clubs

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9
Q

1980s (History)

A

Informative Age
Low cost computers helpful for biomechanics
Exercise science splits from sports psychology

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10
Q

1996(History)

A

Informative Age
First consensus Development Panel
US Surgeon General Report

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11
Q

2008(History)

A

Informative Age
First physical guidelines come out every 10 years and wide spread

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12
Q

Gaps in History

A

High quality funded research in Kines, Health, and Medicine conducted by/on white men
Unethical research

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13
Q

Negative Impacts on Applied Health Care (Gaps in History)

A

Results and applications not widely generalized as needed
Unfair to men and unhelpful to women
Lack of cross-culture training (Lack of Consistency)
Mistrust
Health Disparities: increased burden

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14
Q

Exercise Science (Intro to Research)

A

Emerging Area Study
Founded on published research from last 100 years
Prone to very dynamic shifts
Advances in technology helps us improve getting things right
Surveys
Apple watches etc used to help research
NEW ADVANCES CAUSES NEW QUESTIONS
Must continuously stay up to date on literature
S.M.A.R.T Goals: Making goals more attainable and timely

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15
Q

Researchers (Who should consume science)

A

Seek more(look at book definition)

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16
Q

Teachers (Who should consume science)

A

Teach up to date materialP

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17
Q

Practitioners (Who should consume science)

A

Won’t have proper knowledge if not up to date
Evidence based practice

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18
Q

Kines. Related Literature

A

Comes from scientific (textbook) or nonscientific (internet)
Consumers must identify quality and soundness of the info

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19
Q

What are the steps of rigorous peer review steps?

A

Independent assessment and critique of a submitted manuscript
Reviewers recommend a decision and commentary
Editor registers a decision
Revised manuscript are presented w authors’ point by point to each comment
Editorial review or external re-review prior to final decision

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20
Q

Primary References

A

Basic or applied
Single Study
Articles contain key sections: purpose, methods, results, and conclusions
DRAWBACKS: Time/effort depending on breadth and depth of lit

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21
Q

Secondary References

A

Reviews, books, book chapters
Summarize and synthesize an existing body of literature (BIG PICTURE)
Useful source to identify primary references
DRAWBACKS: Typically outdated

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22
Q

Poor Journal Quality

A

Grammar mistakes
Short notice on when needed back
Not personal
Not on topic you specialize in
Sketchy time frame

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23
Q

Abstract

A

Brief study overview
Read to see if it’s relevant to your needs

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24
Q

Intro

A

Provides background, purpose statement, and hypotheses
Read to ask “was this study properly justified?”

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25
Q

Methods

A

Includes clear and detailed descriptions of overall experimental design
Read to determine validity

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26
Q

Results

A

Covers outcomes of ALL statistical tests using-text, tables, figures
Read to determine importance “Is this meaningful”

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27
Q

Discussion

A

Relating study findings to background work and wider theory
Compare and contrast findings to similar investigations
Read to determine how to use and apply these results for “next steps”

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28
Q

Conclusion

A

Often final paragraph
Summary of most important findings
Importance for ONLY AFTER

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29
Q

References

A

Lists of all cited sources

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30
Q

Textbooks

A

Education through summarizing key literature

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31
Q

Professional Books

A

Specialized topics

32
Q

Narratives

A

Summarize existing research to draw conclusions and next steps

33
Q

Meta analytic

A

statistics on statistics

34
Q

Human anatomy (applied anatomy)

A

a branch of bio. that investigates structure of human body
Relationship between structure and function: understanding how structure of someone affects their function(the way they move)

35
Q

Structure (applied anatomy)

A

shape and size of bones, muscles, and organs

36
Q

Integumentary System

A

Basic PROTECTION form external environment

37
Q

Skeletal System

A

Provides SUPPORT and PROTECTION to organs

38
Q

Muscular System

A

Provides MOVEMENT

39
Q

Why study applied anatomy

A

Forms basis for health sciences
Teach others how to strengthen and improve function
Maintain optimal function
Prevent injuries
Improve health literacy and patient outcomes

40
Q

Living Anatomy (Visualizing Human Body)

A

Living people

41
Q

Histological Anatomy (visualizing human body)

A

tissue samples (microscope)

42
Q

Imaging technology (visualizing human body)

A

x rays for bones, ultrasound, CT scan

43
Q

In Vivo measures (visualizing human body)

A

Samples from a living donor

44
Q

Unethical practices

A

400’s BC: vivisection on convicted criminals
1820s: body snatchers
1840s: nonconsensual experiment on enslaved black women

45
Q

Reference Position (Anatomical terms)

A

Standing up straight, arms by side, palms facing up, shoulder width apart

46
Q

Supinated (anatomical terms)

A

palms up

47
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to point of attachment

48
Q

Distal

A

Farther from point of attachment

49
Q

Superior

A

Above another structure

50
Q

Inferior

A

Below another structure

51
Q

Anterior

A

Front

52
Q

Posterior

A

Back behind

53
Q

Plane

A

imaginary lines to describe location of structures

54
Q

Axis

A

Imaginary lines perpendicular to plane

55
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides left and right
Nodding head, bending at hips
Across mediolateral axis

56
Q

Flexion

A

Sagittal Plane
Decreasing angle between adjoining segments

57
Q

Extension

A

Sagittal Plane
Increasing angle between adjoining segments

58
Q

Hyperextension

A

Sagittal Plane
Extension going beyond anatomical position

59
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Front half back half
Side to side
Across antroposterior axis

60
Q

Abduction

A

Frontal Plane
Away from midline

61
Q

Adduction

A

Frontal Plane
Towards midline

62
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Top half bottom half
Superoinferior axis
Rotating head left and right

63
Q

Internal (Medial) Rotatio

A

Rotation about longitudinal axis of bone toward midline

64
Q

External (Lateral) Rotation

A

Rotation bone away from midline

65
Q

Skeletal System

A

206 bones
Bone is living, dynamic tissue: adapts to applied forces

66
Q

Levers

A

Simple machine that magnifies the force and/or speed of movement
Elbows are 3rd class levers

67
Q

Fulcrum

A

Axis point, joint

68
Q

Hinge joint

A

One plane, one axis

69
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

All planes, all axis

70
Q

Complex Joint

A

mix of hinge+ball and socket

71
Q

Muscle Hierarchy

A

Largest: Whole muscle-attached to bones via tendons
Second Largest: Fascicle-bundle of muscle fibers
Third largest: Collection of myofilaments
Smallest: Sacromere-Actin and myosin (muscle contraction and relaxation)

72
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

Tension with no change in muscle length(wall sit)

73
Q

Concentric Contraction

A

Tension that shortens muscles length(sitting up in a sit up)

74
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

Lengthening muscle while maintaining tension (Not just dropping the weight)

75
Q

Functions of Muscles

A

Keep us warm
Produces movement
Stability Protection

76
Q
A

Kinesiology (3 decks)

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