Exam 1

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

Includes all of the following:
=must be testable and falsifiable
=be a possible explanation
=based on observations

Question 2

Correlation

Answer 2

describes connection between two factors

EX: more stress = more likely to get sick

Question 3

Predictions

Answer 3

Based on HYPOTHESIS

Question 4

Deductive reasoning

Answer 4

Used to make predictions based on a hypothesis

Question 5

Primary information

Answer 5

written by the researcher + reviewed by scientific community

Question 6

Experiments need to….

Answer 6

=have randomly assigned experimental and control groups
=follow a double blind procedure
=have a large sample size
=have a control group

Question 7

Living things

Answer 7

• metabolism
• growth
• homeostasis

Question 8

Water

Answer 8

-electrons shared UNEQUALLY between H and O (polar)
-bonds contribute to attraction of water molecule
=to EACH OTHER (cohesion)
=to OTHER SURFACES (adhesion)

Question 9

Carbon

Answer 9

• most fundamental backbone of macromolecules

- atomic number of 6

Question 10

Molecules with phosphate backbone

Answer 10

NUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

-covalent bonds connect the double helix strands
-BASE PAIRS:
=Pyrimidine (C, T)
=Purine (A, G)

Question 12

DNA pairs

Answer 12

• Adenine + Thiamine

- Cytosine + Guanine

Question 13

Polysaccharides

Answer 13

=polymers of sugar

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

=polymers of amino acids

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

=made from proteins

speed up chemical reactions in our bodies - catalysts

Question 16

Cell parts

Answer 16

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• mitochondria
• centriole
• Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

• have DNA but NO NUCLEUS

- NO membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

• cytosol
• ribosomes
• plasma membranes
• DNA
• HAVE nucleus
• HAVE membrane-bound organelles

Question 19

Macromolecules

Answer 19

-body needs large quantities of these

EX: water, carbohydrates, protein…

Question 20

Temperature

Answer 20

=intensity of HEAT

Question 21

Body fat of normal, healthy 19 y/o girl

Answer 21

22%

Question 22

Obesity

Answer 22

=BMI over 30

diabetes, stroke, hypertension, heart attack

Question 23

Stroke

Answer 23

=sudden loss of brain function caused by blocked/ruptured blood vessel

Question 24

Metabolism

Answer 24

=chemical processes that occur in the cells of an organism

Question 25

Mechanisms of movement

Answer 25

-facilitated diffusion
-osmosis
-diffusion
-active transport (ONLY ONE that needs ATP)
=LOW to HIGH concentration

Question 26

Saturate fats

Answer 26

have SINGLE carbon bonds

Question 27

Unsaturated fats

Answer 27

have DOUBLE carbon bonds

Question 28

Fossil fuels

Answer 28

• oil
• natural gas
• coal
• gasoline

Question 29

ATP

Answer 29

CHEMICAL ENERGY

• provides energy to a cell by releasing/losing PHOSPHATE groups
• in glycolysis, sugar is broken down to form TWO 3-carbon molecules of PYRUVIC ACID
• CO2 produced during citric acid (Krebs) cycle

Question 30

Work functions of ATP

Answer 30

• chemical
• mechanical
• transport

Question 31

Fiber

Answer 31

(complex carb)
-not digested, but has important role in nutrition
=lowers amount of membrane lipid, cholesterol
=can help prevent cancer