Exam 1

Question 1

Aristotle proposed the idea of

Answer 1

spontaneous generation

Question 2

What theory did Louis Pasteur disprove? Explain the experiment

Answer 2

Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation. His experiment was set up this way: one flask had broth and a neck that would catch bacteria. No bacteria grew in the broth. Therefore, bacteria must come from somewhere not spontaneous generation.

Question 3

Robert Hooke proposed

Answer 3

all living organisms are made of cells

Question 4

Antony van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to

Answer 4

visualize microorganisms with microscope

Question 5

Who developed small pox vaccine

Answer 5

edward jenner

Question 6

What are Koch’s postulates?

Answer 6

criteria designed to establish a causal relationship betwen a microbe and a disease

Question 7

who discovered penicillin

Answer 7

Alexander fleming

Question 8

In which domains will you find organisms with peptidoglycan?

Answer 8

bacteria ONLY

Question 9

What are the monosarcharides that make up sucrose

Answer 9

fructose and glucose

Question 10

What monosarcharides are found in lactose?

Answer 10

glucose and galactose

Question 11

what is glycocalyx

Answer 11

amorphous material that allows cells to adhere and produce biofilm.

Question 12

what type of bond holds together triglyceride molecules

Answer 12

ester bonds hold glycerol molecule to fatty acids

Question 13

where would you find a phosphodiester linkage in a human body?

Answer 13

between each nucleic acid

Question 14

describe the size of a typical virus

Answer 14

on the scale of nanometers

Question 15

describes the size of a typical eukaryote

Answer 15

tens of microns (micrometers)

Question 16

which two domains of life would you find organisms that are generally a few microns (micrometers) in size?

Answer 16

prokaryotic domains: bacteria and archaea

Question 17

phase contrast microscopy

Answer 17

detailed image of specimen is gathered by utilizing different densities of cellular components

Question 18

which would you use to produce images of the structure of a cell? Transmission electron microscopy or scanning electron microscpes?

Answer 18

Transmission electron microscopes. you use scanning electron microscopes to view the surface of cells.

Question 19

describe simple staining. What information does a simple stain allow you to gather?

Answer 19

simple staining involves the application of an individual dye. A simple stain reveals morphology, arrangement, and size of a cell

Question 20

what shape is a coccus bacteria

Answer 20

round or oval

Question 21

describe how a bacillus bacteria would look

Answer 21

like a rod

Question 22

describe the shape of vibrio bacteria

Answer 22

comma/half moon.

Question 23

what does a spirullum bacteria look like

Answer 23

spiral

Question 24

what type of bacteria look like corkscrews?

Answer 24

spirochete

Question 25

what does it mean to be pleomorphic

Answer 25

pleomorphic bacteria are able to change their shape and size in response to environmental change

Question 26

describe the structure and visual perception of a gram-positive cell

Answer 26

gram positive cells will be bluish-purple upon gram staining. This is a result of their cell wall being larger than gram negative bacteria