Exam 1

Question 0

civic virtue

Answer 0

attitudes and behaviors of good, ethical citizenship in a democracy

Question 1

civic engagement

Answer 1

actively participating in community or public affairs, not only by voting, but also by keeping up with the news, discussing issues, with fellow citizens, and participating in civic and volunteer activities

Question 2

citizen-critic

Answer 2

a citizen educated to critically evaluate the claims, reasoning, and evidence he or she encounters in public deliberations

Question 3

demagoguery

Answer 3

deceptive or manipulative speech, often relying upon the charismatic ethos of the demagogue and appealing to dark emotions–anger, hatred, or fear

Question 4

civic literacy

Answer 4

historical, political, and cultural knowledge necessary to participate actively as a citizen in a democracy

Question 5

deliberating “in good faith”

Answer 5

debating and discussing controversial issues in a spirit of mutual respect, with a commitment to telling the truth, backing up arguments with sound reasoning and evidence, and remaining open to changing one’s mind

Question 6

ethical persuasion

Answer 6

avoids the techniques of the demagogue and never substitutes appeals to the emotions for sound, well-supported argument

Question 7

challenges of democratic citizenship

Answer 7

fewer people get involved

nation of spectators

Question 8

rhetorical tradition

Answer 8

preparing for leadership, public life, and creating unity and defining “public good”

Question 9

traits of a responsible citizen-speaker

Answer 9

speak honestly and truthfully
open dialogue
no pandering
open to compromise
respect diversity of audience

Question 10

transactional communication

Answer 10

the process of constructing shared messages or understandings between two or more individuals

Question 11

encode

Answer 11

to put ideas of info into a particular format for transmission over a channel, as when a speaker chooses the specific language to communicate his or her ideas in a speech

Question 12

decode

Answer 12

to interpret the verbal and nonverbal content of a message so as to give it meaning

Question 13

captive audience

Answer 13

an audience that is required to attend a presentation

Question 14

purposes of listening

Answer 14

enjoyment- to be entertained or inspired
empathy- to show support and understanding
information- to learn or expand knowledge
critique- to analyze and evaluate the message

Question 15

process of listening

Answer 15

hearing
focusing
understanding
responding
remembering

Question 16

barriers to listening

Answer 16

passivity syndrome- listening as a one way street
automatic rejection- tune out, talk over, pretend or silently refute
stereotyping- overgeneralize speaker
distractions
short attention span

Question 17

positive outcomes of effective listening

Answer 17

helps you become better informed
part of your responsibility as a citizen
gives you a clearer sense of who we are and what we value
helps you develop and sustain better interpersonal relationships
become a better speaker

Question 18

how to listen better?

Answer 18

be informed- recognize your own strengths and weaknesses
recognize your own biases
identify your goals
understand context and audience
consider the speaker's purpose

Question 19

preparing to speak

Answer 19

1. be informed
2. know your audience
3. know the situation
4. gather relevant info
5. give good argument
6. give it structure
7. preach!

Question 20

communication

Answer 20

feelings of anxiety a speaker may experience before or during a public presentation

Question 21

causes of communication apprehension

Answer 21

poor preparation
trait anxiety- avoid speaking in public, generally anxious in all situations
state anxiety- anxiety based on context, audience, or triggers
unrealistic self-expectation
fear peer evaluation

Question 22

active listening

Answer 22

channeling our energies and efforts so that we actively concentrate on the speaker’s complete message

Question 23

salience

Answer 23

the level of interest or concern that our listeners have in a particular issue or topic

Question 24

gender identity

Answer 24

one’s sense of sexual identity, of male and female tendencies and characteristics, as shaped by social norms and expectations that vary across cultures and change over time

Question 25

socially constructed

Answer 25

the process by which roles and behaviors are judged as appropriate within different cultures with different cultural norms

Question 26

racism

Answer 26

the prejudicial denial of the essential humanity of people of a particular race, often manifested in claims about the superiority and/or inferiority of particular races

Question 27

ethnocentricism

Answer 27

the belief that one’s own racial or ethnic heritage is superior to all others

Question 28

epideictic

Answer 28

the ancient Greek term for ceremonial speeches, or speeches presented on special occasions

Question 29

purposes of ceremonial speeches

Answer 29

reflect upon the past
honor heroes
celebrate shared beliefs and values
inspire and encourage

Question 30

social values in ceremonial speaking

Answer 30

articulate and reinforce social values
aim for eloquence
define a community’s collective identity

Question 31

speech of introduction

Answer 31

introduce another speaker
reinforce that speaker’s credibility
provide any background info necessary for the audience to understand the featured speech

Question 32

award presentation speech

Answer 32

introduce yourself and purpose
say a few words about the award
extol the virtues of the recipient
connect the values of the award with the recipient

Question 33

award acceptance speech

Answer 33

convey gratitude

acknowledge the meaning of the award

Question 34

tributes

Answer 34

ceremonial speeches honoring a person, group, event, organization, town, or community
person is long gone or living

Question 35

eulogies

Answer 35

ceremonial speeches paying tribute to a recently deceased person

Question 36

inaugural address

Answer 36

given when assuming office or position

just taken office and sharing your vision for the future of that office

Question 37

keynote address

Answer 37

featured speech at a meeting, conference, or formal gathering
expresses purpose or significance of group and its gathering
tied to theme of conference

Question 38

after-dinner speeches

Answer 38

designed to entertain while still saying something significant
leaves you with something to think about