Exam 1 Flashcards
Explain Bronfenbrenner’s theory of the ecological approach to human development
Bronfenbrenner believed that a person’s development was affected by everything in their surrounding environment. He divided the person’s environment into five different levels: the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem.
What are the three developmental domains?
The three developmental domains are: physical, cognitive, and social/personality. These stages take place through each developmental stage adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.
The most important really depends on who you are. Physical is just that the physical changes seen in or on the body like puberty in teens. Cognitive relates to the mind and its development like alzheimers disease in late adulthood. Social/personality refers to the way we relate to our environment.
What is the scientific research method?
Ask a Question Do Background Research Construct a Hypothesis Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion Communicate Your Results
What are Bowblys stages of attachment?
Pre-attachment: birth to 6 weeks
Attachment in the making: 6 weeks to 8 months
Clear cut attachment: 8 months to 18 months
Formation of reciprocal relationship: 18 months to 2 years
What is Mary Ainsworth attachment styles?
Attachment Styles
Secure: Distressed when mother leaves, avoid ant of stranger when mother leaves, but friendly when mother is present. Positive and happy to see mother when she gets back.
Ambivalent:Intense distress when mother leaves. Avoids stranger and shows fear. Infant approaches mother and resist contact.
Avoidant: No sign of distress when mother leaves. Infant is fine with a stranger and plays with the stranger. Infant shows little interest when mother returns.
What are the three stages of childbirth?
First stage: The time of the onset of true labor until the cervix is completely dilated to 10 cm.
Second stage: The period after the cervix is dilated to 10 cm until the baby is delivered.
Third stage: Delivery of the placenta.
What are teratogens?
Teratogens—-agents and conditions, including viruses, drugs, chemicals, stressors, and malnutrition, which can impair prenatal development and lead to birth defects or even death
Explain Piagets theory
Piaget was a swiss theorist and his work is well known. His theory emphasizes stages of development (discontinuous). Structures of the mind adapt to fit the external world (adaption). Learning is the result of adaption.Two words you want to know are assimilation and cognation. The stages in this theory are sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete, and formal. Sensorimotor- this is exploring the world through motor interactions. Pre operational-preschoolers, children have to have experience They are still learning things through their senses but they’re just moving out of that stage. They have to manipulate real objects in order to learn. Concrete- school aged. Children need concrete samples in order to learn. Doing things in your head instead of on your fingers. Formal- not all people reach the formal stage. Abstract thinking. Being able to do complicated math in your head.
What are the three stages of prenatal development?
There are three stages of development - germinal, embryonic, and fetal.
The germinal stage occurs from conception until 2 weeks. It is the time when the zygote grows into a blastocyst and implants into the mother’s uterine lining.
The embryonic stage lasts from implantation (2 weeks) until 8 weeks of pregnancy. During this stage, rapid growth occurs and all organ systems are developed by the end of this stage. This is known as organogenesis.
The fetal stage lasts from week 9 until the child’s birth (usually between 38 and 40 weeks). During this period, development of the baby continues, but at a much slower pace.
What are the types of baby reflexes?
Reflexes: unlearned responses triggered by a special form of stimulation. Babinski (stroke foot heel to toe and toes fan out), Moro (throws arms out and then in, loud noise), Rooting (cheek is stroked, turns head), Palmar (grasps object placed in hand), others (blinking, stepping, sucking, withdrawal).
What is the APGAR scale?
A- Appearance P- Pulse G- Grimace A-Activity R-Respiration The scale is on a 0 to 10
