Exam 1

Question 1

Periodic Size trends

Answer 1

Decreases from left to right (electrons pulled further towards nucleus)
Increases going down (more shells of electrons)

Question 2

Periodic Ionization Energy Trends

Answer 2

Increases from left to right (more valence electrons)

decreases going down (valence electrons further away)

Question 3

Periodic Metallic Character trends

Answer 3

Decreases from left to right (metals on left side gases on right)
increases going down (think of steps that separate metals and nonmetals)

Question 4

Alpha Particle

Answer 4

composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
When emitted the element will lose 4 from the mass # and 2 from the atomic #.
Causes change in element

Question 5

Characteristics of Alpha Radiation

Answer 5

travels short distances and can barely penetrate. Only protection required is lab coat and gloves.

Question 6

Beta decay

Answer 6

unstable nucleus emits a high energy electron. Neutron breaks down to release a proton and an electron. Causes a +1 increase in the Atomic # and a spare electron
Causes a change in element

Question 7

Beta decay characteristics

Answer 7

travel several meters in air
can penetrate about 5mm into skin, causes burns
Protective gear includes heavy gloves and polymer screens

Question 8

Positron Decay (Beta +)

Answer 8

Emits a positron which is the antimatter of an electron (basically an electron with a positive charge) Results from a proton being broken down into a neutron and positron
This causes a -1 decrease to atomic # and a spare positron particle
Causes a change in element

Question 9

Gamma Radiation

Answer 9

Emitted as a photon which has 0 mass and 0 charge, this causes 0 change to the atom

Question 10

Direct measurement of radiation

Answer 10

Becquerel (Bq)

Curie (Ci)

Question 11

Absorbed dose measurement

Answer 11

rad

Question 12

Biological damage measurement

Answer 12

rem

Question 13

Methods of measuring radiation

Answer 13

geiger counter, radiation badges, scintillation counters