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OPP 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who founded Osteopathic Medicine?

A

Andrew Taylor Still

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2
Q

What is Osteopathic Medicine?

A

A philosophy of treating a patient as a whole and using the principles of osteopathic medicine in patient care
- the most comprehensive system of medical care

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3
Q

What is the main difference between DOs and MDs

A

DOs are licensed to do OMM - Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine

  • require extra training in the musculoskeletal system
  • DOs have a philosphy
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4
Q

What is the first and foremost principle of Osteopathic Medicine?

A

The human being is a unit consisting of body, mind, and spirit

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5
Q

What is the second principle of osteopathic medicine?

A

Structure and function (anatomy and physiology) are related

- Functional Anatomy

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6
Q

OMM/OMT

A

Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine/Treatment

The therapeutic use of the hands to restore normal structure (anatomy) and hence function (physiology)

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7
Q

OPP

A

Osteopathic principles and practice

  • Holistic emphasis - unity of mind, body, spirit
  • care directed toward finding and restoring health (homeostasis and homeodynamics)
  • comprehensive healthcare - interventional and preventive
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8
Q

What is the philosophy of the LECOM personal wellness program?

A

You are your own first patient

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9
Q

What are the parts of the LECOM personal wellness program?

A
  1. Emphasizes personal wellness as a starting point for patient assessment and therapeutics
  2. Demonstrates how the holistic philosophy of osteopathic medicine can be effectively integrated into self- and patient care
  3. Provides a base to meet current and future demands of patients and the healthcare system (i.e. preventative medicine)
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10
Q

Why do patients want integrative medicine?

A

They want to do things conservatively (fewer medications, lower costs, fewer invasive procedures, etc.)

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11
Q

Why do medical students want integrative medicine?

A

Medical students want information, personal wellness experience, and clinical training in prevention.
- Practically, students can utilize wellness information and experiences to cope with stress, maintain health, and perhaps prevent relationship difficulties during medical school

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12
Q

What is the first core competency of Osteopathic Medicine?

A

Osteopathic Philosophy and OMM
- Student physicians are expected to demonstrate and apply knowledge of accepted standards in Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) appropriate to their specialty; and remain dedicated to life-long learning and to practice habits in osteopathic philosophy and manipulative medicine.

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13
Q

What was the state of medicine in the 19th century?

A
  • Medicine was still pretty barbaric in many aspects
  • Medications - whiskey, opium, cocaine, calomel (mercury)
  • Procedures: bloodletting, hydrotherapy
  • Mesmerism, Homeopaathy
  • Lister introduced antiseptic surgery
  • Anesthetics - chloroform, ether
  • No antibiotics, infectious diseases rampant
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14
Q

What was the reasoning behind the founding of Osteopathy?

A

There should be a broad basic philosophy upon which to build a more scientific and rational health practice and a higher order in the recognition and treatment of disease

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15
Q

When and where was A.T. Still born?

A

August 6, 1828

Lee County, Virginia

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16
Q

What was early life like for A.T. Still?

A

Father (Abram) was a farmer, medical doctor, and Methodist circuit rider
- In 1837, his family started out for Macon County, Missouri (frontier days)

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17
Q

What was A.T. Still’s view on his experience of the frontier?

A
  • It was incredibly valuable
  • Before studying in books, he was able to study nature
  • Skinning animals allowed him his first look at dissection (muscles, nerves, veins, bones)
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18
Q

When was the first (?) discovery of Osteopathy?

A

In 1838 when, at the age of 10, A.T. still fashioned a “swing” out of a plow-line and blanket and awoke with relief of a headache

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19
Q

What was A.T. Still’s early adult life like?

A

1849 - starts receiving medical training (as MD) in apprenticeship system
Marries first wife in 1849, she dies in 1859
Marries second wife in 1860
Major Still, saw active Civil War combat as an M.D. surgeon

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20
Q

What spurred A.T. Still to look outside the boundaries of accepted medicine?

A

February 1864 - three of his children die of meningitis - he was devastated
1867 - his father (Abram) dies, and at this point Still decides it is better to search for better means than just praying to God to bless the current means (medicine)

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21
Q

When did A.T. Still fling “the banner of osteopathy to the breeze”?

A

June 22, 1874

- had decided to approach a science by study, research, and observation

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22
Q

What is the mechanical foundation of osteopathy?

A

Anatomy, Anatomy, Anatomy

  • know the shape and position of every bone in the body, as well as that part to which every ligament and muscle is attached; the blood and nerve supply
  • must comprehend the human system as would an anatomist and also from a physiology standpoint
  • begin with the bones
  • must understand the form of the body and the workings of it
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23
Q

A.T. Still’s Universal Law of Cause and Effect

A
  • The human body is “complicated perfection”
  • Osteopath must master anatomy and physiology, and have a fairly good knowledge of chemistry
  • Osteopath can reason from the effect to the cause of the disease
24
Q

Why is the musculoskeletal system so important?

A

The musculoskeletal system keeps us moving and comprises over 60% of the body
- Abnormal pressure in one part of the body produces abnormal pressures and strains on other parts of the body

25
Q

When may disease ensue?

A

When normal adaptability is disrupted or when environmental changes overcome the body’s capacity for self-maintenance

26
Q

When was the American School of Osteopathy founded?

A

1892

27
Q

What are the Osteopathic Principles as outlined by KCOM faculty in 1953?

A
  1. The body functions as a total unit
  2. Structure and function are integrated
  3. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms
  4. The body has the inherent capacity to defend and repair itself
  5. Abnormal pressure in one part of the body produces abnormal pressures and strains upon other parts of the body
  6. When normal adaptability is disrupted, or when environmental changes overcome the body’s capacity for self maintenance, disease may ensue.
    * Rational treatment is based on the previous principles*
28
Q

What main bodily function is essential to maintaining health?

A

Movement of body fluids

29
Q

Which system is the most important system connecting and integrating the visceral and musculoskeletal systems?

A

The nervous system

30
Q

What are the first two parts of the Hippocratic oath?

A

First, do no harm.

Second, honor the healing power of nature.

31
Q

What is Somatic Dysfunction?

A

An impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system: skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures, and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements

32
Q

What is TART?

A 
A way of assessing somatic dysfunction
Tissue texture changes
Asymmetry
Restriction of motion
Tenderness
33
Q

What is AT Still’s definition of osteopathy?

A

“It is a scientific knowledge of anatomy and physiology in the hands of a person of intelligence and skill, who can apply that knowledge to the use of man when sick or wounded by strains, shocks, falls, or mechanical derangement or injury of any kind to the body.”

34
Q

What are goals of OMT?

A
  • Relief of pain and reduction of other symptoms
  • Improvement of function
  • Increased functional movement
  • Improved blood supply and nutrition to the affected areas
  • Sufficient return of flow of fluids via the lymphatic and venous systems
  • Removal of impediments to normal nerve transmission
35
Q

As of 2015, how many schools of osteopathic medicine and different teaching locations are there?

A

34 schools

43 locations

36
Q

How many books did AT still write? What are their titles?

A

4

  1. The philosophy of Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy (1892)
  2. Autobiography of A.T. Still (1897)
  3. Philosophy of Osteopathy (1899)
  4. OSTEOPATHY: Research and Practice (1910)
37
Q

Name a prominent osteopathic researcher from the mid to late 20th century

A

Irvin M. Korr

38
Q

What does OPP Preclinical education consist of?

A

Learning the 7 Osteopathic Core competencies

Weekly lectures/Clinical skills labs

39
Q

What is the curriculum in year 1 OPP?

A
  • Palpation
  • Anatomy
  • Osteopathic neuromusculoskeletal diagnosis
  • OMT techniques (soft tissue, facilitated posiional release, myofascial release, muscle energy, HVLA)
40
Q

What is the curriculum in year 2 OPP?

A

Systems approach, additional techniques, case history

  • Lymphatics, CV, respiratory, HEENT (headaches, URIs, CN dysfunctions), GU, GI, Extremities, GI, OB/Gyn, Peds
  • Outpatient, hospitalized, surgical
41
Q

What did the Still family have when they set out for Macon County, Missouri in 1837?

A

Six children
Two wagons
7 horses
A cash reserve of $1050

42
Q

What are the 7 core competencies of Osteopathic Medicine?

A
  1. Osteopathic Philosophy and Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
  2. Medical Knowledge
  3. Patient Care
  4. Interpersonal and Communication Skills
  5. Professionalism
  6. Practice-Based Learning and Improvement
  7. Systems-Based Practice
43
Q

What was the object of the original college charter of the American School of Osteopathy?

A

“To establish a college of osteopathy, the design of which is to improve our present system of surgery, obstetrics, and treatment of diseases generally, and place the same on a more rational, scientific basis.”

44
Q

What is the definition of palpation?

A

The application of variable manual pressure to the surface of the body for the purpose of determining the shape, size, consistency, position, inherent motility and health of tissues beneath

45
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Touch
Proprioceptive
One of ways of receiving sensory information

46
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Cooling
Heat
- Deep

47
Q

Nociceptors

A

noxious stimuli from Pinprick, Friction to tissue damaging events - mostly free nerve endings

48
Q

What sensory information systems lie within the superficial layers?

A 
Merkel disk (Epidermis)
Meissner corpuscles - guard hair cells and down hair cells
49
Q

What sensory information systems lie within the deep layers?

A

Ruffini endings
Pacinian corpuscles
Krause bulbs
Hair follicle receptors

50
Q

Where are free nerve endings found?

A

All layers

51
Q

Where and how are more complex sensations (i.e. density, vibration, texture) learned?

A

At an association cortex level as a specific combination of touch, proprioception, pain, and thermal sensations

52
Q

Phases of palpation

A

Detection
Internal amplifications
Analysis and Interpretations

53
Q

Detection

A

aka “feeling”

Through the development of psychomotor skills

54
Q

Internal amplification

A

aka “seeing”
See the structures that you are palpating by having a thorough knowledge of anatomy
- create a visual mind-image

55
Q

Analysis and interpretation

A

aka “thinking and knowing”

  • Must be correlated with a knowledge of functional anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology
  • Practice to know the difference between normal and abnormal

OPP 1 (3 decks)

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