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A&P II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of the Brain and Spinal cord

A

Central nervous system CNS

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2
Q

Composed of the nerves

1) cranial nerves
2) spinal nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system PNS

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3
Q 
I) olfactory
II) optic
III) oculmotor
IV) Trochlear
V) Trigeminal
VI)Abducens
VII) Facial
VIII) Vestibularcochlear
IX) Glossopharyngeal
X) Vagus
XI) Accessory
XII) Hypoglossal
A

Cranial Nerves

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4
Q 
I) Cervical spinal nerves C1 - C8
II) Thoractic spinal nerve T1 - T12
III) Lumbar spinal nerves L1 - L5
IV) Sacral spinal nervs S1- S5
V) Coccygeal C0
A

Spinal nerves

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5
Q
  • Neurons that carry info from the body to the CNS

* Sensory (pain&pressure)

A

Afferent

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6
Q
  • Neurons that carry orders from the CNS to the rest of the body
  • Motor
A

Efferent

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7
Q

1) skin
2) skeletal muscle
3) joints

A

Somatic sensory afferent

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8
Q

*Internal organs

A

Visceral afferent

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9
Q

To skeletal muscles

*Motor

A

Somatic efferent

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10
Q
  • viscera
    • includes:
      1) cardiac muscle
      2) smooth muscle
      3) Glands
A

Autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

Sympathetic- “flight or fight”

Parasympathetic- “rest & digest”

A

Types of Autonomic NS

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12
Q 
Neuroglia
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocyte
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Schwann Cells
Satellite Cells
A

Cell Types

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13
Q 
1st. Cell type in neuroglia. 
Support-Scar
Feed- supply lactose f/ glucose
Help growth
Protect- blood brain barrier
A

Astrocytes

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14
Q

*Myelin sheaths in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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15
Q

*act as immune cells in CNS

A

Microglia

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16
Q

*make & move cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

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17
Q

Produce myelin sheaths on the axons of neurons in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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18
Q

Surrounded neurons in PNS

A

Satellite cells

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19
Q

Can be Multipolar, unipolar, bipolar

A

Neuron

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20
Q

*receiving end of neuron

Has local potentials

A

Dendrite

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21
Q

*in part of neuron that opens sodium gates= hypoplarization

A

Excitatory post-synaptic potential EPSP

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22
Q

*in part of neuron that opens potassium (goes out) and chloride (goes in) =hyperpolarization

A

Inhibitory post-synaptic potential IPSP

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23
Q
  • AKA soma

Has only graded potentials

A

Cell body

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24
Q

Trigger of action potentials

A

Axonal Hillock

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25
Q

Neuron that dumps excitatory NT in the synaptic cleft one at a time.

A

1st. Pre synaptic

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26
Q

Multiple pre-synaptic neurons release NTs, taht can lead to a Action potential.

A

2nd. Spatial summation

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27
Q

All or nothing

Can propagate al the axon

A

Action potentials

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28
Q

Inceased effciency with increased use.

Also dendritic branching and pruning (break down of term. Bulbs)

A

Synaptic potentiation

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29
Q

Are myelinated

Saltatory conduction- dramatically fast AP

A

Myelin sheath

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30
Q

Are not myelinated

Continuous conduction- have AP but do not spread as fast.

A

Nonmyelinated sheath

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31
Q

Are vesicles of NTs

A

Terminal bulbs / synaptic knobs

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32
Q

*sensory
Include unipolor amd bipolar
Are cell bodies in sensory ganglion, out side of CNS.

A

Afferent Neuron

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33
Q

*Motor
Is multipolar
Cell bodies are in CNS

A

Efferent neurons

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34
Q

Are between neurons

A

Interneurons

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35
Q

Is a cluster of nerve cell bodies in PNS

Ex: in dorsal root ganglion

A

Ganglion

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36
Q

Cluster of nerve cell bodies in CNS

Ex: basal nuclei

A

Nucleus

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37
Q

Bundle of processes(axons) in PNS

A

Nerves

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38
Q

Bundles of processes(axons) in CNs

A

Tract

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39
Q

Brain coverings

A

Menings

40
Q
  • Fils ventricles of the brain

* Fills subarachnoid space (btw arachnoid & pia mater)

A

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

41
Q

Different functions for the left and right hemisphere

A

Lateralization

42
Q

Grey matter/ unmyelinated.

Includes: motor,sensory and association areas.

A

Cerebral cortex

43
Q

*Precentral area of frontal lobe.

Responsible for directly controlling skeletal muscle

A

Primary somatic motor cortex

44
Q

*Across the side

A

Contralateral control

45
Q

A particular location of the brain that works a particular location of the body

A

Somatotophy

46
Q

*frontal lobe infront of primary somatic motor cortex.
*complied a series of movements
Integration and planning

A

Motor association area/premotor cortex

47
Q

Motor of speech

-helps control the muscles needed for speaking but is not directly

A

Broca area

48
Q
  • parietal lobe

* received sensory info from skin,skeletal muscle etc.

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

49
Q

*Sense of where in 3D space your muscle parts are , and if or when contracted/relaxed.

A

Proprioreception

50
Q

Parietal lobe

* Receives info from primary somatosensory cortex

A

Somatosensory association cortex

51
Q

*occipital lobe

Specific part of the brain that receives info from the retina.

A

Primary visual cortex

52
Q

Part that allows you to analyse the info from the retina and determine the objects.

A

Visual association area

53
Q

*Temporal

Hearing info from inner ear. (pitch,rhythm,loudness)

A

Primary auditory cortex

54
Q

Interprets info as noise

Used past experiences/memories

A

Auditory association area

55
Q

Sense info about smell

A

Olfactory cortex

56
Q

Senses in for about taste

A

Gustatory cortex

57
Q

A) Regulates viscera, controls ANS activity
-homeostasis, HR BP and activity of the gut
B) links endocrine and nervous systems
- controls pituitary gland (mast gland’s) and hormones
C) Body temp
D) Appetite
E) Solute concentration= H20 intake/output
F) sleep/wake cycles
G) component of limbic system (emotion)

A

The jobs of the Hypothalamus

58
Q

Anatomy of a neuron

A 
A) soma/ cell body
B) axon
C) dendrites
D) terminal bulbs
E) axonal hillock
F) myelin sheaths
59
Q

*the comprehension and usage of words both spoken and written

A

Werinicke area

60
Q
  • reading and writing
A

Angular gyrus

61
Q

Motor of speech

A

Broca area

62
Q

*connect the two hemispheres together but the corpse callosum

A

Commissural tract

63
Q

Connects different parts of the same hemis.

A

Association tract

64
Q

Connects cerebral to rest of the brain

A

Projection tract

65
Q
  • deep in temoral lobe

* emotion (esp. Fear)

A

Amygdala

66
Q

*deep in temporal lobe

Transition of memory into long term memory.

A

Hippocampus

67
Q

Transition of memories into long term memory.

A

Memory consolidation

68
Q

Facts , words and numbers

A

Declarative memory

69
Q

Motor info in memory a set of activities we don’t have to think about doing.

A

Procedural

70
Q

Influence movement (start/stop/select)
Recieves signals from cortex
- walking
If there is lack of dopamine here= Parkinson’s

A

Basal nuclei

71
Q

“The receptionist “
Nuclei sorts and selectivity relay sense info to the correct part of the cerebral cortex
Motor/emotion/learning

A

Thalamus

72
Q

Connects primary motor cortex and cerebellum.

Nuclei is responsible for some respiratory function.

A

Pons

73
Q

Autonomic reflexes
Nuclei controls: coughing, sneezing, vomiting etc reflexes.
Respiration pattern
HR

A

Medulla oblongata

74
Q

Compares motor/sense info to predict the correct time and force in contractions of Fine- tune movements

A

Cerebellum

75
Q

Corpra quadrigemina

1) superior colliculi , head and eye movements
2) inferior colliculi, head movement’s for hearing (startled relfex)

A

Mid brain

76
Q

Hypothalamus (control emotion)
Thalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus(memory)

A

Limbic system

77
Q

A term that decribes the set of brain parts responsible for pain modulation and for rousing cerebral cortex.

A

Reticular Formation

78
Q

Sense of smell

*nerve

A

Olfactory (oh)

79
Q

Nerve

Sensory- vision, carries infor from retina of the eye

A

Optic (once)

80
Q

Nerve

Movement of eyeballs , palpebra(eyelid) iris , ciliary muscle etc.

A

Oculomotor ( one)

81
Q

Nerve

Motor- down and out eye movement

A

Trochlear (takes)

82
Q 
Nerve
Divided into 3 parts
1) Opthalmic- forhead, eyelid and nose
2)maxillary- nasal cavity,upper teeth and lip
3) mandibular- tongue, teeth, chin etc.
A

Trigeminal (the)

83
Q

Nerve

Motor- out movement of the eyes

A

Abducens (anatomy)

84
Q

Nerve
Mixed functions- motor/sensory expression, saliva,tears
Taste,proprioception

A

Facial (final)

85
Q

Nerve

Hearing sound and equilibrium

A

Vestibularcochlear (very)

86
Q

Nerve

Motor- swallowing/ gagging

A

Glossopharyngeal (good)

87
Q

Nerve

Motor - parasympathetic, goes every where

A

Vagus ( vaca)

88
Q

Nerve

Motor - swallowing and head movement

A

Accessory (are)

89
Q

Nerve

Motor- tongue and speaking

A

Hypoglossal (here)

90
Q

Spinal nerves

*Somatic Afferent

A

C2-C0

91
Q

Spinal nerve

*somatic efferent

A

C1-C0

92
Q

Spinal nerve

* sympathetic

A

T1-L2

93
Q

Spinal nerve

*Parasympathetic

A

S2-S4

94
Q

A brain disorder where brain cells die due to lack of 02

“Stroke”

A

CVA cerebrovascular accident

95
Q

Is when the blood is leaking out of a blood vessel instead of flowing to the Brain.

A

Hemorrhagic

96
Q

Referred to as “mini stroke”

Lack of blood flow due to a clot

A

TIA Transiet Ischemic Attack

97
Q

EEG -brain death / over all electrical activities
CAT- soft tissues
MRI- x-rays for a 3D view
PET- radio active tracer

A
  • Electro-ence-phalo-gram
  • Computed tomography
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Postistron emission tomography

A&P II (1 decks)

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