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Occlusion > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The periodontal ligament connects _____ to. ______ _______in a ______ direction

A

Cementum
Bone
Obliquely
Cervical

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2
Q

What sensation does the periodontal ligament receive?

A

Proprioception

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3
Q

Name the three bones of the masticatory system

A

Maxilla
Mandible
Temporal bone

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4
Q

What is the structure that separates the two halves of the palate bone?

A

Midpalatable suture

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5
Q

Which pole of the condyle of the mandible is more prominent?

A

Medial pole

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6
Q

Which has more surface area, the anterior articular surface or the posterior articular surface of the condyle?

A

Anterior surface

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7
Q

The condyle of the mandible sits in what fossa on the temporal bone?

A

Mandibular fossa (AKA glenoid fossa)

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8
Q

What boney structure on the temporal bone is just anterior to the mandibular fossa and protrudes inferiorly?

A

Articular eminence

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9
Q

What is the boney feature that is just posterior to the mandibular fossa?

A

Squamotympanic fissure

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10
Q

What does ginglymoarthroidal mean?

A

Ginglymoid - hinging movement

Arthroidial - gliding movement

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11
Q

What structure separates the mandible and temporal bone from direct contact?

A

Articular disc

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12
Q

The TMJ is classified as a _____ joint, which means that it has ____ bones present

A

Compound

3

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13
Q

Functionally, the articular disc serves as _____ bone

A

Nonossified

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14
Q

What type of tissue is the articular disc made up of?

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue.. devoid of blood vessels and nerves

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15
Q

The disc is made up of three parts, which part is the thinnest?

A

Intermediate zone

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16
Q

Which border of the disc is typically thicker?

A

Posterior border

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17
Q

The posterior attachement tissue to the articular disc is also known as _____ tissue. It is composed of _____ _____ tissue. Does it have lots of vascularture and nerves or little?

A

Retrodiscal
Loose connective
Highly vascularized and innervated

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18
Q

Describe the differences between the superior and inferior retrodiscal lamina

A

Superior retrodiscal lamina - elastic fibers. Connects disc to tympanic plate

Inferior retrodiscal lamina - collagenous fibers, connects disc to condyle

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19
Q

Which head of the lateral pterygoid muscle attaches to the disc?

A

Superior head

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20
Q

Name the different histological zones of the disc from superficial to deep

A 
Articulating zone
Proliferation zone 
Fibrocartilgenous zone
Calcified cartilage zone 
Subarticular bone
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21
Q

What structures hold the disc to the condyle on the medial and lateral sides?

A

Lateral discal ligament

Medial discal ligament

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22
Q

The synovial fluid that surrounds the joint is suspended in what structure?

A

Capsular ligament

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23
Q

The ligaments in the TMJ prevent the mandible from going too far _____

A

Posteriorly

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24
Q

Which ligament limits normal rotational opening movement

A

Outer oblique portion

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25
Q

Which is more deep the inner horizontal portion or the outer oblique portion of the ligaments of the TMJ?

A

Inner horizontal portion is more deep

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26
Q

Name the two ligaments that are found on the medial side of the mandible. Which is more posterior?

A

Stylomandibular ligament (more posterior)

Sphenomandibular ligament

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27
Q

What is a protoplasmic process?

A

Extensions of the neurons (axons and dendrites)

Conducting part of neuron

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28
Q

True or false… peripheral connections may exist between sensory neurons

A

False

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29
Q

Tooth pulp goes to what three nuclei?

A

Subnucleus oralis
Subnucleus interpolaris
Subnucleus caudalis

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30
Q

What does the reticular formation do?

A

Plays an extremely important role in monitoring impulses that enter the brainstem. It controls the overall activity of the brain by either enhancing the impulses to the brain or inhibiting the impulses.

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31
Q

What structure acts as a segue from cortex to other regions of CNS?

A

Thalamus

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32
Q

What are central pattern generators?

A

Pool of neurons in the brain stem of the CNS that controls rhythmic muscle activities

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33
Q

Define mastication

A

An efficient chewing pattern that minimizes damage to any structure

Learned and repeated pattern

Generally automatic

34
Q

Name the two phases of mastication and their subphases

A

Opening phase

Closing phase (consists of crushing phase and grinding phase)

35
Q

Which phase of the closing phase is the longest?

A

Crushing phase

36
Q

How far laterally does the crushing phase go?

A

Within 3-4 mm of ICP

37
Q

How far vertically does the crushing phase go?

A

From 16/18mm down to ~3mm

38
Q

True or false… in the crushing phase, buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth are almost directly under the buccal cusps of the maxillary teeth

A

True

39
Q

How does the grinding phase bring the mandible back to ICP?

A

Mandible is guided by the occlusal surfaces of the teeth back to ICP

40
Q

True or false… only 20% of observed subjects have a preferred side of chewing?

A

False. 78% of subjects have a preferred side of chewing

41
Q

Sensory feedback to the CNS allows alternations in the chewing stroke. Does hard or soft food require more lateral closure stroke? Does hard or soft food require more chewing strokes?

A

Hard food causes more lateral closure strokes and more chewing strokes needed

42
Q

True or false… teeth have few contacts when food is first introduced to the mouth

A

True

43
Q

Teeth with ____ ___ and _____ _____ promote vertical chewing strokes. Broader chewing strokes can result in ______ _____.

A

Tall cusps
Deep fossae

Flattened/worn cusps

44
Q

Malocclusion can result in ______ chewing patterns

A

Irregular

45
Q

What is the average length of time for tooth contact during mastication?

A

194ms

46
Q

In a mastication diagram thingy, the yellow portion represents the _____ whereas the red lines represent the _____

A

Yellow = maximum movements of the mandible

Red = actual movement of the mandible during mastication

47
Q

What is the average female and male biting force in lbs?

A 
Female = 79-99
Male = 118 - 142
48
Q

Dentures will result in a biting force that is ____ the biting force of natural teeth

A

1/4

49
Q

Name four functions of the tongue in eating

A

Taste

Maneuvering food to push food onto occlusal surfaces of teeth

Dividing food into portions ready to swallow or to chew

Sweeps teeth and vestibule to remove trapped food

50
Q

Deglutition involves what three types of muscular activity?

A

Voluntary
Involuntary
Reflex

51
Q

True or false… stabilization of the mandible is needed to allow proper movement of the larynx during swallowing

A

False… stabilization of the mandible is needed to allow proper movement of the HYOID bone

52
Q

What are two strategies to stabilize the mandible for swallowing?

A

Somatic - adult uses teeth to stabilize mandible

Visceral - infant or eduntulous uses tongue forward and between dental arches

53
Q

How much longer are teeth in contact while swallowing in comparison to mastication?

A

3 times as long

54
Q

True or false, the force of teeth contact may be stronger in swallowing than in mastication

A

True

55
Q

Name the three things involved in speech

A

Air forced from lungs

Controlled contraction of vocal cords to control pitch

Precise form assumed by both determines resonance and articulation of sound

56
Q

What factors and forces determine tooth position facially and buccal? What about lingually and palatally?

A

Lips and cheeks

Tongue

57
Q

Tongue thrust during swallowing can cause an ____ _____

A

Anterior openbite

58
Q

Define Equilibrium in regards to tooth position

A

Neutral position or space where tooth stability is achieved. Balance of the forces facially and lingually

59
Q

If you loose a posterior tooth what may happen to the tooth distal to it?

A

It may experience mesial drifting

60
Q

The curve of spee runs _____ to _____

A

Anterior to posterior

61
Q

Describe the curve of spee for the maxillary and mandibular arch

A

Maxillary convex and slightly buccal inclination in the posterior teeth

Mandibular concave and slightly lingual lingual inclination in the posterior teeth

62
Q

What direction does the curve of wilson run?

A

Side to side

63
Q

What is the occlusal table?

A

Area between the buccal and lingual cusp tips on posterior teeth

64
Q

Describe the following occlusal inclines… inner, outer, mesial/distal

A

Inner - slope towards central groove

Outer - slope on buccal and lingual cusp surfaces

Mesial/distal - slope on mesial and distal surfaces

65
Q

Describe normal inter-arch tooth relationships in occlusion

A

The mandibular arch is smaller

The mandibular buccal cusps sit in between the lingual and buccal cusps of maxillary teeth

66
Q

Describe a posterior crossbite inter-arch occlusion

A

This is an abnormal occlusion

Here, the mandibular arch is larger than the maxillary arch. The mandibular lingual cusps sit in between the buccal and lingual cusps of the maxillary posteriors

67
Q

Define non-functioning cusps

A

Guiding cusps

Minimize tissue impingement (lingual cusps for tongue, buccal cusps for cheek)
Maintain bolus of food on occlusal table

68
Q

What does eccentric refer to?

A

Any position of the mandibular condyle and teeth when not in ICP

69
Q

What is the difference between the buccal-occlusal line and linguo-occlusal line?

A

The buccal occlusal line goes from the buccal cusp tips of posterior teeth to the incisal edges of anteriors whereas the linguooccusal line follows the lingual cusp tips to incisal edges of anteriors

70
Q

What is the central fossa line?

A

Line following the central fossa of the posteriors

71
Q

The functioning cusp will sit in the ____ ____ or ____ ____

A

Central fossa or marginal ridge

72
Q

Describe a class 1 occlusion (Neutro-occlusion)

A

Mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar concludes in the embrassure area between the maxillary second premolar and first molar

The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned directly over the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

The mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated in the central fossa area of the mandibular first molar

73
Q

Describe a class 2 occlusion (disto-occlusion) (3 things)

A

(Over bite)
The mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar occluded in the C-F area of the maxillary first molar

The mesiobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the maxillary first molar

The distolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in the C-F area of the mandibular first molar

As compared to the class 1, each occlusal contact pair is situated to the distal approixamatly the mesiodistal width of a premolar

74
Q

Describe a class 3 occlusion (mesio-occlusion) (3 things)

A

(Under bite)

The distobuccal cusp of the mandibular first molar is situated in the embrassure between the maxillary second premolar and first molar

The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated over the embrasure between the mandibular first and second molar

The mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar is situated in the mesial pit of the mandalas second molar

75
Q

What is the “BSS” of occlusion?

A

Bilateral
Simultaneous
Stable

76
Q

Both maxillary and mandibular anteriors are inclined to the ____

A

Labial

77
Q

True or false… the posterior teeth are primarily responsible for guiding the mandible through various lateral and protrusive movements

A

False… the anteriors are responsible for this. (Anterior guidance)

78
Q

What is the horizontal overlap (overjet)?

A

Distance between the labial incisal edge of the maxillary incisor and the labial surface of the mandibular incisor in the ICP

79
Q

Describe vertical overlap (overbite)

A

Distance between the incisal edges opposing anterior teeth in the ICP (vertically)

80
Q

Describe a mediotrusive contact

A

If the patient moved their mandible to the left, it would cause mediotrusive contact on the right side and laterotrusive contact on the left side.

Mediotrusive contact is the inner angle of the buccal cusp of the mandibular tooth against the lingual inner angle of the maxillary cusp

81
Q

Describe retrusive contact

A

Here the distal incline of the mesial cusps of the mandibular teeth will contact the mesial incline of the distal cusps of the maxillary teeth

Occlusion (2 decks)

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