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Developmental Psych > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

associated with people born in a specific place and time

A

history-graded influence

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2
Q

same for people in a particular age group (acne, menopause)

A

age-graded

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3
Q

where someone grew up (may include class or race)

A

sociocultural

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4
Q

atypical, specific. being in a car wreck

A

non-normative

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5
Q

optimal time for something to occur but if it does not occur, it is reversible

A

sensitive period

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6
Q

not being exposed to something WILL causes problems

A

critical period

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7
Q

what stage does the placenta form?

A

Germinal stage (0-2 weeks)

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8
Q

what stage do organs differentiate from each other

A

Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)

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9
Q

what makes up ectoderm?

A

nervous system, hair, nails

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10
Q

what makes up mesoderm?

A

muscles, circulatory system

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11
Q

what makes up endoderm?

A

digestive system, inner layer of lungs, pancreas, liver

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12
Q

what stage is characterized by rapid physical development?

A

fetal stage

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13
Q

12-18 months of no pregnancy when trying

A

infertility

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14
Q

spontaneous abortion of a child before 20 weeks post conception

A

miscarriage

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15
Q

what are miscarriages mainly causes by?

A

genetic abnormalities

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16
Q

tobacco use can cause

A

low birth weight

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17
Q

alcohol use can cause

A

below average intelligence, delayed growth, facial deformities

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18
Q

antidepressants can cause

A

increase risk for autism

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19
Q

marijuana can cause

A

learning and memory issues

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20
Q

cocaine can cause

A

addiction in baby, birth defects, miscarriage

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21
Q

what is an epiostomy?

A

incision to incr size of vaginal opening

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22
Q

greasy cottage cheese-like substance

A

vernix

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23
Q

what is the purpose of vernix?

A

to help with passage through the birth canal and protect skin from amniotic fluid

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24
Q

fine dark fuzz

A

lanugo

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25
Q

who is lanugo found on

A

premature babies

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26
Q

very low birth weight

A

less than 2.25 lbs

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27
Q

low birth weight

A

less than 5.5 lbs

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28
Q

preterm infants

A

born before 38 weeks post conception

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29
Q

what is a stillbirth

A

birth of a child who is not alive after 20 weeks gestation

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30
Q

what is the autostimulation theory of sleep

A

REM sleep in babies helps to develop vision

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31
Q

turning head towards things that touch its cheek

A

rooting reflex

32
Q

movement of legs when held upright with feet touching floor

A

stepping reflex

33
Q

activated when support for head and neck is suddenly removed

A

moro reflex

34
Q

fanning toes out in response to a stroke on outside of foot

A

Babinski reflex

35
Q

rapid shutting and opening of eye on exposure to direct light

A

eyeblink reflex

36
Q

sucking things that touch the lips

A

sucking reflex

37
Q

when do infants begin to roll over

A

3 months

38
Q

when do infants begin to sit up without support

A

6 months

39
Q

when do infants begin to walk well

A

12 months

40
Q

how long until infants develop 20/20 vision

A

6 months

41
Q

when does binocular vision develop

A

14 weeks

42
Q

when does depth perception occur

A

2-3 months

43
Q

when are infants better at identifying non-human faces

A

before 6 months

44
Q

what occurs in substage 1?

A

simple, innate reflexes

45
Q

when does substage 1 occur

A

0-1 months

46
Q

what occurs in substage 2

A

first habits and primary circular reactions

47
Q

when does substage 2 occur

A

1-4 months

48
Q

what are primary circular reactions

A

things that focus on the infants own body. like sucking thumb.

49
Q

what occurs in substage 3

A

secondary circular reactions

50
Q

when does substage 3 occur

A

4-8 months

51
Q

what is a secondary circular reaction

A

playing with a rattle

52
Q

what occurs in substage 4

A

coordination of secondary circular reactions, beginning of goal directed behavior, object permanence, A-not-B error.

53
Q

when does substage 4 occur

A

8-12 months

54
Q

what occurs during substage 5

A

tertiary circular reactions

55
Q

what are tertiary circular reactions

A

deliberate variation of actions, experimenting. ex: banging rattle against the floor

56
Q

when does substage 5 occur

A

12-18 months

57
Q

what occurs during substage 6

A

beginning of thought, mental representation, deferred imitation.

58
Q

when does substage 6 occur

A

18 months- 2 years

59
Q

what is mental representation

A

symbolic thought

60
Q

implicit memory uses what part of the brain

A

brain stem and cerebellum

61
Q

explicit memory uses what part of the brain

A

hippocampus

62
Q

what is canonical babbling

A

repeated consonant-vowel sounds. resembles native language. happens at 6 months

63
Q

when do infants speak their first word

A

10-14 months

64
Q

when do first sentences happen

A

18-26 months

65
Q

stage 1

A

trust vs. mistrust (0-18 months)

66
Q

why would mistrust occur

A

if needs were not met by caregiver

67
Q

what would happen if mistrust

A

might have a tough time forming close bonds with others

68
Q

stage 2

A

autonomy vs. shame (18 months- 3 years)

69
Q

what happens if parents are too restrictive during stage 2?

A

self-doubt can occur

70
Q

what are the basic emotions present at birth

A

interest, disgust, distress (complex emotions like shame and guilt come later)

71
Q

what is social smiling and when does it occur

A

smiling when someone smiles at you. occurs 6-9 months

72
Q

when do infants smile more at specific caregivers and less at inanimate objects

A

18 months

73
Q

when does smiling become purposeful

A

2 years

74
Q

when do infants begin to pass the rouge test

A

17-24 months…African cultures later

75
Q

how can caregivers be a secure base

A

by giving needs to for exploration and comfort

76
Q

not seeking proximity to mother, does not seem distressed when she leaves, avoid her when she returns

A

avoidant attatchment

77
Q

very close contact to mother at first and does not explore, anxious even before she leaves, great distress when she leaves, when she returns the infant seeks to be close to her but also appears to hit or kick her in anger

A

ambivalent attatchment

Developmental Psych (1 decks)

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