Exam 1

Question 1

True or False? When the atria begin to contract, the ventricles are typically more than half filled

Answer 1

True: about 80% filled

Question 2

True or False? Leads AVR, AVL and AVF split the angles formed by leads I, II and III

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False? The wall of the right atria is the thickest of the heart

Answer 3

False, it’s the left ventricle

Question 4

True or False? The left and right bundle branches split off from the SA node

Answer 4

False, they split off from the AV Junction/ AV node

Question 5

True or False? Sinus Tachycardia is a rhythm originating in the SA node that is greater than 80 bpm?

Answer 5

False, it’s greater than 100 bpm

Question 6

True or False? Automaticity Foci are located in the atria, ventricles and AV node

Answer 6

False, it’s the AV junction, not the AV node

Question 7

True or False? Cholinergic receptors are responsible for activating the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

False, norepinephrine is response for activating the sympathetic nervous system. Cholinergic receptors activated the parasympathetic system (“colon”= rest and digest)

Question 8

True or False? Epicardium regions of the heart are the most prone to infarct during a heart attack

Answer 8

False; coronary arteries first penetrate from the outside of the heart towards the inside, so at the inside of the heart where they have a hard time reaching is the most likely

Question 9

True or False? The vertical scale on an EKG is in centimeters

Answer 9

False, it’s millimeters

Question 10

True or False? Non Q-wave elevation myocardial infarction is typically non-trans mural

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False? Mature/ completed infarcts remain electrically active

Answer 11

False- completed infarct means collagen scar tissue has grown over a totally dead segment, so there is no conduction.

Question 12

True or False? At rest, the heart typically spends about 66% of its time in systole, and 33% in diastole

Answer 12

False, it’s 66% in DIAStole and 33% in SYStole. During exercise it goest to about 50-50

Question 13

True or False? The AV node is responsible for producing a pause in the conduction of the electrophysiological signal

Answer 13

True, because of its slow calcium conduction

Question 14

True or False? Stokes-Adams syndrome results from a slow ventricular focus that fails to supply enough blood flow to the brain, causing syncope

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or False? A P’ wave is a clear indication of atrial fibrillation

Answer 15

False, a P’ wave is a sign of a wandering pacemaker/ Multifocal atrial tachycardia if the bpm is over 100. Atrial fibrillation is shown by there being NO P wave and an irregular QRS Rhythm

Question 16

True or False? By convention, 3 premature ventricular contractions per minute is considered pathological

Answer 16

False, it’s 6 PVC’s per minute for pathological

Question 17

True or False? Premature Atrial beats will reset SA node depolarization

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False? Ventricular foci can become irrational through hypokalemia

Answer 18

True, though hypoxia is a more common cause

Question 19

True or False? Norepinephrine increase the force of myocardial contraction

Answer 19

True; it also increases SA node pacing, the rate of conduction, and the irritability of atrial/ junctional foci

Question 20

True or False? Aneurisms are more likely to occur if the scar tissue of a mature infarct is mostly composed of type 1 collagen

Answer 20

True,

Question 21

True or False? Myocyte contraction is caused by sodium ions

Answer 21

False, contraction is caused by Calcium ions, cell to cell conduction is the one caused by Na+

Question 22

True or False? Atherosclerosis is a symptom of arteriosclerosis

Answer 22

False: arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is a symptom of Atherosclerosis (pathological build-up of plaque in the arteries)

Question 23

True or False? the right half of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False? The point of origin on the coronary arteries is just beyond the pulmonary valve

Answer 24

False- originates just beyond the aortic valve

Question 25

True or False? Atrial and junctional foci can become irritable because of excess digitalis

Answer 25

True, as well as due to other toxins, epinephrine, caffeine or amphetamine, and hyperthyroidism

Question 26

True or False? Multifocal Atrial Tachy Cardin is a rhythm of patients with COPD

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False? The distance between heavy black lines on an EKG represents 1/60 minutes

Answer 27

True, as it’s 1/300 minute for every little lines, and there are 5 little line between every heavy black line, 5/300= 1/60

Question 28

True or False? Ventricular automaticity foci have an inherent rate of 20-40 beats per minute

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or False? In the resting state, the interiors of the myocytes are positively charged

Answer 29

False, negatively charged

Question 30

Bachmann’s Bundle originates in the SA node and distributes depolarization to the (Left? Right?) atrium

Answer 30

Left atrium

Question 31

PVC’s depolarize only the ________

Answer 31

Ventricles

Question 32

During atrial fibrillation, all of the atrial foci are said to be __________

Answer 32

Parasystolic

Question 33

What does it mean for a foci to be parasystolic?

Answer 33

Insensitive to overdrive suppression

Question 34

If the SA node fails, then the ___________ would likely be the next region to take over pacing responsibility

Answer 34

Atrial Foci

Question 35

Vagaries maneuvers produce a _____________ response and can be used to depress an irritable focus in the __________

Answer 35

1) parasympathetic

2) Atria (or AV junction)