Exam 1

Question 1

Hunger

Answer 1

feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat or a strong desire or craving for food

Question 2

hidden hunger

Answer 2

lack of vitamins and minerals

Question 3

Food Insecurity

Answer 3

limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable food in socially acceptable ways

Question 4

Food Security

Answer 4

all people at all times having both physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food. Food has to meet dietary needs and preferences with the end goal to be having and active and healthy life

Question 5

What is the physical environment?

Answer 5

climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, lack of infrastructure

Question 6

What is the social environment?

Answer 6

inequalities in land distribution, conflict, dependance

Question 7

What is the Policy environment?

Answer 7

lack of budget allocation to fight hunger, unstable food markets, political instability

Question 8

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Answer 8

“everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food…”

Question 9

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Answer 9

1948

Question 10

What does the ICESCR stand for?

Answer 10

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Question 11

What does the ICESCR state?

Answer 11

“the right of everyone to adequate food and the fundamental right to be free from hunger”

• regular, permanent and unrestricted access
• quantitatively and qualitatively adequate food
• corresponding to cultural traditions

Question 12

How many countries ratified the ICESCR?

Answer 12

over 150

Question 13

ICESCR- the states must…?

Answer 13

• Respect–cannot take measures that prevent people to access food
• Protect–prevent other from interfering
• fulfill–Create conditions for effective realization

Question 14

Why is the right to adequate food a concern for us?

Answer 14

• vulnerable groups need to be protected following the Human Dignity principle
• many countries have ratified the ICESCR
• Human rights and the Right to Adequate food are necessary to achieve the millennium development goals
• hunger, malnutrition and poverty have economic and social cots
• politicians who implement the right to food are more popular among voters
• since we have knowledge and resources, it would be unethical not to act

Question 15

What does “Vulnerable groups need to be protected following the human dignity principle” relate to?

Answer 15

Human Dignity

Question 16

What does “Many countries have ratified the ICESCR” relate to?

Answer 16

legal obligations

Question 17

What does “human rights and the right to adequate food are necessary to achieve the millennium development goals” relate to>

Answer 17

international commitments

Question 18

What does “hunger, malnutrition and poverty have economic and social costs” relate to?

Answer 18

economic reasons

Question 19

What does “politicians who implement the right to food are more popular among voters” relate to?

Answer 19

political reasons

Question 20

What does “since we have knowledge and resources, it would be unethical not to act” relate to?

Answer 20

Ethical reasons

Question 21

Chronic food insecurity?

Answer 21

• long term, and persistent
• occurs when people are unable to meet their minimum food requirements over a sustained period of time
• extended periods of poverty, lack of assets and inadequate access to productive or financial resources

Question 22

How can chronic food insecurity be overcome?

Answer 22

typical long term development measures also used to address poverty, such as education of access to productive resources, such as credit
- also may need a more direct access to food to enable them to raise their productive capacity

Question 23

Transitory food insecurity ?

Answer 23

• is short term and temporary
• occurs where there is a sudden drop in the ability to produce or access enough food to maintain a good nutritional status
• results from short term shocks and fluctuations in food availability and food access, including year to year variations in domestic food production, food prices and household incomes

Question 24

How can transitory food insecurity be overcome?

Answer 24

• transitory food insecurity is relatively unpredictable and can emerge suddenly. this makes planning and programming more difficult and requires difference capacities and types of interventions, including early warming capacity and safety net programs

Question 25

Pillars of food security?

Answer 25

• Availability
• Access
• Utilization
• Stability

Question 26

Physical availability of food

Answer 26

addresses the “supple side”of food security and is determined by the level of food production, stock levels and net trade

Question 27

economic and physical access to food

Answer 27

an adequate supply of food at the national or international level does not in itself guarantee household level of food security
- concerns about insufficient food access have resulted in a greater policy focus on incomes, expenditure, markets and prices in achieving food security objectives

Question 28

Food Utilization

Answer 28

utilization is commonly understood as the way the body makes the most of various nutrients in the food.

• sufficient energy and nutrient intake by the individual is the result of good care and feeding practices, food preparation, diversity of the diet and intra-household distribution of food
• combined with good biological utilization of food consumed, this determines the nutritional status of individuals

Question 29

stability of the other three dimensions over time

Answer 29

even if your food intake is adequate today, you are still considered to be food insecure if you have inadequate access to food on a periodic basis, risking deterioration of your nutritional status
- adverse weather conditions, political instability or economic factors may have an impact on your food security status