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ANSC 221 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

10 Essential Amino acids

A

PVT. TIM HALL

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2
Q

Dr. William Beumont

A

Alexio St. Martin, shot in stomach, scraped cells and discovered digestion

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3
Q

Alexio St. Martin

A

He got shot and tested by Beumont

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4
Q

Daniel

A

First recorded nutritional experiment found in book of Daniel

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5
Q

Lavosier

A

Father of nutrition

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6
Q

Lind

A

Scurvy, Vitamin C

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7
Q

Babcock

A

Gave cows different diets, yellow corn helped them live longer

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8
Q

Funk

A

“Vital amine” -Vitamin

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9
Q

“Most important nutrient

A

Water

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10
Q

Highest energy amount in livestock

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

Most energy per gram?

A

Fats

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12
Q

Nutrient that provides energy only after requirements?

A

Protein

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13
Q

No energy?

A

Water, vitamins and minerals

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14
Q

NFE, Ether, Kjeldahl test, Nx6.25

A

Carbs, Fats, Protein, Protein

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15
Q

3 Volatile Fatty Acids

A

Acetate, Proprionate, Butyrate

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16
Q

3 Essential Fatty Acids

A

Aracidonic, Lineoleic, Lineolenic

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17
Q

Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acid

A

Palmetic and stearic fatty acid

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18
Q

How much more energy in fat than carbs?

A

2.25x

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19
Q

What percent water loss is fatal?

A

12%

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20
Q

3 important water properties

A

High specific heat, high latent heat of vaporization, high dielectric constant

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21
Q

3 sources of water?

A

Metabolic, feed, drinking

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22
Q

Effects of water deprivation?

A

Increased food intake, increased heart rate, death, etc.

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23
Q

Carbohydrates are made up of:

A

C, H, O

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24
Q

Carb function?

A

Energy

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25
Q

Pentoses

A

Arabinose, Ribose, Xylose

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26
Q

Hexoses

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mannose

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27
Q

2 simple sugars (hexoses and pentoses) bond to form

A

Sucrose, Lactose, Cellobiose, Maltose

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28
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + fructose

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29
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + Galactose

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30
Q

Mannose

A

Glucose + Glucose alpha bond

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31
Q

Cellobiose

A

Glucose + Glucose beta bond

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32
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Starch

33
Q

Types of Starches

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

34
Q

Amylose vs Amylopectin

A

Amylose is straight chain, branched is amylopectin

35
Q

Lignin

A

binds to carbohydrates, completely undigestible, decreases digestion

36
Q

Fatty Acids

A
  • Chains of carbons and hydrogens
37
Q

16 carbon fatty acid chain

A

Palmitic Acid

38
Q

Simple vs Compound Lipids

A

Compound lipids contain groups in addition to the alcohol and carbon atoms present in simple fatty acid chains

39
Q

Saturated vs unsaturated

A

Saturated fatty acids have all hydrogens possible, unsaturated contain double bonds

40
Q

VFA’s are important for?

A

rumen fermentation

41
Q

Fat function

A

Energy, provide essential fatty acids, dust control, absorption of KADE vitamins

42
Q

Proteins

A

Essential for creating proteins from amino acids, provides energy if in excess

43
Q

Protein Quality

A

Refers to amount and balance of essential amino acids

44
Q

Nitrogen function

A

Ruminants can use excess nitrogen to create more proteins

45
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

Take care of structure of the body

46
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

Involved in intermediary metabolism

47
Q

Vitamin A Function

A

Protect epithelial tissues, toxic

48
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Night Blindness, infertility, metaplasia, high mortality and stunted growth in poultry

49
Q

Vitamin D function

A

Using Ca and P, 1, 5 dihydroxy, toxic

50
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

causes ricketts with deficiency, weak bones, bowed legs in poultry, milk fever

51
Q

Vitamin E function

A

Tocopherol, protect membrane, selenium, reproduction

52
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

Stiff lamb disease, exudative diathesis, white muscle disease

53
Q

Vitamin K function

A

blood clotting, bone formation

54
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Excessive bleeding, weak bones, etc.

55
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Ascorbic Acid, Electron transport, collagen metabolism

56
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy!

57
Q

Linus Pauling and Vitamin C controversy

A

Vitamin C cures common cold

58
Q

B- complex vitamins

A

Thiamine, Riboflavin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, folic acid, choline, niacin, vitamin B12

59
Q

B1 Deficiency

A

Beri Beri, Polyneuritis

60
Q

B12

A

Contains slight cobalt, anemia

61
Q

B6

A

Amino Acid decarboxilation

62
Q

Niacin

A

Pellegra from deficiency

63
Q

Choline

A

Increases Pig litter size

64
Q

Folic Acid

A

Deficiency causes spina bifada

65
Q

Calcium

A

Necessary for normal bone, blood clotting

66
Q

Sulfur

A

Structural Purposes, protein

67
Q

Magnesium

A

enzyme activators, grass tetany, abnormal minearlization of tissues

68
Q

Iron

A

Oxygen transport, anemia

69
Q

secondary hyperthyroidism

A

low calcium levels

70
Q

1:1 to 2:1 Calcium diet is important

A

To phosphorus balance

71
Q

Phosphorus Deficiency

A

Rickets, Pica, decreases appetite and thus you lose money

72
Q

Calcium and phosphorus excretion

A

ca- feces, P- feces and urine in herbivores

73
Q

K

A

Main intracellular cation

74
Q

Na

A

Main extracellular cation

75
Q

Copper

A

Anemia deficiency, given high amounts to pigs for higher litter, needed to use iron

76
Q

Mn

A

Pereosis deficiency

77
Q

Zn

A

Parakaratosis

78
Q

Toxic minerals

A

Se, Mo, Cu, F I

79
Q

Molybdenum, chromium, thiamine

A

All important for proper carbohydrate metabolism

ANSC 221 (1 decks)

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