Exam 1 DRI Cards

Question 1

Using (EAR) for assessing intakes of individuals

Answer 1

Use to examine the probability that usual intake is inadequate

Question 2

Using (RDA) for assessing intakes of individuals

Answer 2

Usual intake at or above this level has low probability of inadequacy.

Question 3

Using (AI) for assessing intakes of individuals

Answer 3

Usual intake at or above this level have low probability of inadequacy.

Question 4

Using (UL) for assessing intakes of individuals

Answer 4

Usual intake above this level may place an individual at risk of inadequacy.

Question 5

Using (EAR) for assessing intakes of groups

Answer 5

Use to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intakes within a group.

Question 6

Using (RDA) for assessing intakes of groups

Answer 6

DO NOT USE TO ASSESS INTAKES OF GROUPS.

Question 7

Using DRI for assessing intakes of groups (AI)

Answer 7

Mean usual intake at or above this level implies a low prevalence of inadequate intakes.

Question 8

Using (UL) for assessing intakes of groups

Answer 8

Use to estimate the percentage of the population at a potential risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake.

Question 9

Uses of (EAR) for planning intakes of apparently healthy individuals.

Answer 9

Should not be used as an intake goal for the individual.

Question 10

Uses of (RDA) for planning intakes of apparently healthy individuals.

Answer 10

Plan for this intake; usual intake at or above this level has a low probability of inadequacy.

Question 11

Uses of (AI) for planning intakes of apparently healthy individuals.

Answer 11

Plan for this intake; usual intake at or above this level has a low probability of inadequacy.

Question 12

Uses of (UL) for planning intakes of apparently healthy individuals

Answer 12

Plan for usual intake below this level to avoid potential risk of adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake.

Question 13

Uses of (EAR) for planning intakes of apparently healthy groups.

Answer 13

Use to plan for an acceptably low prevalence of inadequate intakes within a group.

Question 14

Uses of (RDA) for planning intakes of apparently healthy groups

Answer 14

Should not be used to plan intakes of groups.

Question 15

Uses of (AI) for planning intakes of apparently healthy groups

Answer 15

Plan for mean intake at this level; mean usual intake at or above this level implies a low prevalence of inadequate intakes.

Question 16

Uses of (UL) for planning intakes of apparently healthy groups

Answer 16

Use in planning to minimize the proportion of the population at potential risk of excessive nutrient intake.

Question 17

Essential Nutrient

Answer 17

Nutrients are essential if the body cannot produce it on its own. Needs to be consumed through the diet.

Question 18

Define UL

Answer 18

UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level; the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk or adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.

Question 19

Define NOAEL

Answer 19

NOAEL: No Observed Adverse Effect Level; The highest level of nutrient intake at which no adverse effects have been observed through studies or experiments. This is used to establish a UL.

Question 20

Define LOAEL

Answer 20

LOAEL: Lowest Observed adverse Effect Level; The lowest level of nutrient intake at which adverse effects have been observed in studies or experiments. Provides reference of which point adverse effects become evident.

Question 21

Explain the rationale for having different age groups/life stages when setting DRIs.

Answer 21

1. Growth and development
2. Metabolism: BMR and estimated energy expenditure.
3. Physiological Changes: nutrient absorption rates with changes of age (efficiency).
4. Pregnancy and Lactation: to support fetal development.
5. Help prevent deficiencies vital for each life stage.

Question 22

Describe the consequences of vitamins being organic molecules and what happens when nutrients are exposed to various environmental conditions.

Answer 22

Vitamins being organic compounds, means that they are affected in the same ways that other organic compounds that in when exposed to certain environments, they can be destroyed or diminished.

Question 23

Define EAR

Answer 23

Estimated Average requirements; The average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group. Used for a basis to develop the RDA and can be used for assessing estimated intakes of individuals and groups and planning intakes for groups.

Question 24

Define RDA

Answer 24

Recommended Dietary Allowance; The average daily dietary nutritent intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97% to 98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. The RDA is based on 2 standard deviations above the EAR to account for the variation within a particular group.

Question 25

Define AI

Answer 25

Adequate intake; The recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimations of nutrient intake by group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate. Individuals should use the AI as a guide for intake of a nutrient. For which no RDA exists.

Question 26

Define UL

Answer 26

Tolerable Upper Intake Level; The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk or adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects may increase. Th UL is not intended to be a recommended level of intake, and there is NO ESTABLISHED BENEFIT FOR INDIVIDUALS TO CONSUME NUTRIENTS AT LEVELS ABOVE THE RDA OR AI.