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Modalities > Exam 1 Information > Flashcards

Exam 1 Information Flashcards

1
Q

What are physical agents?

A

Energy or forces applied to a patient

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2
Q

What are the 3 categories of physical agents?

A

Thermal Agents, Mechanical, and Electromagnetic fields

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3
Q

What are the 4 main effects of physical agents?

A

a. modify inflammation and the healing process
b. relieve pain
c. alter collagen extensibility
d. modify muscle tone

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4
Q

What are contraindications?

A

A situation that makes treatment inadvisable.

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5
Q

What is an indication?

A

Something that is advisable.

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6
Q

What are precautions?

A

Something that should be used only with special care or limitations.

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7
Q

What are some local effects of HEAT

A

a. Vasodilation of arterioles by decreased sympathetic activity.
b. Chemical release causes active vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

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8
Q

What is an axonal reflex?

A

Afferent impulses traveling antidromically toward the skin blood vessels where there is then a vasoactive mediator released.

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9
Q

What is a Consensual response?

A

Increase in blood flow in one extremity also causes increase in blood flow in other extremity, but generally to a lesser degree.

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10
Q

Where is the central control of heat

A

It is from an area of the hypothalamus and can sense a change in body core temperature of less than .2C

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11
Q

Cold Responses

A

a. Vasoconstriction
b. Decreased capillary permeability
c. Consensual Response
d. Respiratory- minimal changes
e. Shivering- in an attempt to produce more heat
f. Decreased local metabolism

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12
Q

Therapeutic Effects of HEAT

A

a. Increase the extensibility of collagen tissue
b. Decrease joint stiffness
c. Relieves muscle spasm
d. Pain relief
e. Increase blood flow (once past acute stage of inflammation.
f. Possibly assist in resolution of inflammation.

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13
Q

Therapeutic Effects of COLD

A

a. Decrease muscle spasm
b. Decrease pain and spasticity
c. Relieve swelling and edema (primarily through vasoconstriction.
d. Prevent excessive tissue damage following injury.

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14
Q

Superficial heating and cooling agents

A

Produce temperature elevations in skin and underlying subcutaneous tissues to a depth of approximately 1 cm.

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15
Q

Deep Heating agents

A

Capable of causing temperature elevations in tissues to depth of 3cm or more.

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16
Q

What are the three different types of deep heating agents.

A
  1. Ultrasound
  2. Shortwave Diathermy
  3. Microwave Diathermy
17
Q

What would you use during the Acute Inflammation Phase

A

COLD. It is better than heat because it decreases the possibility of excessive swelling and inflammatory response

18
Q

What would you use during the Maturation phase

A

HEAT. It can speed up the chemical reaction and accelerate the return of normalization of tissue.

19
Q

What would you use during the Proliferation Phase

A

Clinical judgement will be used to determine whether cold or heat is used.

20
Q

Hot Packs: INDICATIONS

A

a. Increase collagen extensibility
b. Decrease joint stiffness
c. Relieve muscle spasm
d. Pain relief
e. Increase blood flow
f. As a warm-up to assist with exercise
g. Possibly assist in resolving inflammation

21
Q

Hot Packs: CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

a. Severe cardiac disease
b. Over Malignancy
c. Sepsis

22
Q

Hot Packs: PRECAUTIONS

A

a. With insensitive patient

b. With spinal cord injured patients

23
Q

What is the duration for a hot pack treatment time

A

20-30 minutes

24
Q

How many layers of insulation should be used

A

6-8 layers of towel

4-6 layers of foam

25
Q

What is the temperature for a hot pack machine

A

160-175 F (71-79 C)

26
Q

What is the primary method of heating

A

Conduction

27
Q

How much heat will be felt by the patient

A

Patient should only experience a mild to moderate sensation of heat during application

28
Q

How long does it take to reheat a hot pack

A

30 minutes

29
Q

Paraffin Bath: INDICATIONS

A

a. Increase collagen extensibility
b. Decrease joint stiffness
c. Relieve muscle spasm
d. Pain relief
e. Increase blood flow
f. As a warm-up to assist with exercise
g. Possibly assist in resolving inflammation

30
Q

Paraffin Bath: CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

a. Severe cardiac disease
b. Over malignancy
c. Sepsis

31
Q

Paraffin Bath: PRECAUTIONS

A

a. With insensitive patient

b. With spinal cord injured patients

32
Q

What is the temperature for the Paraffin Bath

A

125-130 F

33
Q

What is the treatment time for a Paraffin Bath

A

15-20 minutes

34
Q

What is the application technique for a Paraffin Bath

A

a. Dip 6 times and wrap with towel

b. Dip 6 times and re-immerse

35
Q

Hydrotherapy: INDICATIONS

A

a. Increase collagen extensibility
b. Decrease joint stiffness
c. Relieve muscle spasm
d. Pain relief
e. Increase blood flow
f. As a warm-up to assist with exercise
g. POSSIBLY ASSIST IN RESOLVING INFLAMMATION

36
Q

Hydrotherapy: CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

a. Severe cardiac disease
b. Over malignancy
c. Sepsis

37
Q

Hydrotherapy: PRECAUTIONS

A

a. With insensitive patient

b. With spinal cord injured patients

Modalities (1 decks)

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