EXAM 1: LYMPH NODES AND LYMPHATICS

Question 1

RECOGNIZE NORMAL ARCHITECTURE AND PATTERN OF LYMPH NODES

Answer 1

LYMPH NODES = SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGAN, SITE OF PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
CORTEX = B CELLS
PARACORTEX = T CELLS, SOME MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS
MEDULLA = MACROPHAGES, LYMPHOCYTES, AND PLASMA CELLS

Question 2

DESCRIBE THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GROSS FINDINGS IN ENTERIC LYMPHANGIECTASIA/ITIS IN THE DOG

Answer 2

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PLE
CHRONIC DIARRHEA, WASTING, HYPOPROTEINEMIA, LYMPHOPENIA, HYPOCALCEMIA, HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIA
PERIPHERAL EDEMA, ASCITES, HYDROTHORAX
CAN BE CAUSED BY LYMPHATIC OBSTRUCTION AND INCREASED LYMPHATIC PRESSURE DUE TO INFLAMMATION, NEOPLASIA, AND GRANULOMATOUS INFILTRATES

Question 3

LIST 4 CAUSES OF CHYLOTHORAX

Answer 3

IDIOPATHIC
TRAUMA
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
CHEST TUMORS

Question 4

LIST 5 VIRUSES THAT CAN INJURE LYMPHOID TISSUE

Answer 4

PARVOVIRUS
CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS
FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (FIV)
EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1 (EHV-1)
BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS (BVDV)

Question 5

HOW IS PLAGUE SPREAD?

Answer 5

EATING INFECTED ANIMAL (SQUIRRELS, PRARIE DOGS, RABBITS, WOOD RATS) OR BITE BY AN INFECTED FLEA

Question 6

WHAT IS A GROSS FINDING IN CATS WITH PLAGUE?

Answer 6

FEVER, LOSS OF APPETITE, LETHARGY, ENLARGED LYMPH NODES

Question 7

NAME 2 CAUSES OF BACTERIAL LYMPHADENITIS IN HORSES

Answer 7

RHODOCOCCUS EQUI
STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI SUBSP. EQUI

Question 8

LIST 3 BACTERIAL CAUSES OF BACTERIAL LYMPHADENITIS IN CATTLE OR SHEEP AND PROVIDE BASIC PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN THESE DISEASES

Answer 8

JOHNE’S DISEASE: ENTERITIS AND GRANULOMATOUS LYMPHADENITIS
MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS: NECROTIC AND SUPPURATIVE/ABSCESSED LYMPH NODES
CORYNEBACTERIUM PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS: CASEOUS LYMPHADENITIS

Question 9

JOHNE’S DISEASE – CAUSE OF DISEASE, GROSS FINDINGS, STAINING USED TO IDENTIFY BACTERIA

Answer 9

CAUSE: MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS
GROSS: ENTERITIS AND GRANULOMATOUS LYMPHADENITIS
ACID FAST STAINING TO IDENTIFY BACTERIA WITHIN MACROPHAGES

Question 10

BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS - CAUSE OF DISEASE, GROSS FINDINGS, HOW ARE HUMANS INFECTED

Answer 10

CAUSE: MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS
GROSS: NECROTIC AND SUPPURATIVE/ABSCESSED LYMPH NODES, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE DISEASE
HUMANS INFECTED BY CONSUMING RAW MILK OR MILK PRODUCTS

Question 11

CASEOUS LYMPHADENITIS – CAUSE OF DISEASE, GROSS FINDINGS, HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED

Answer 11

CAUSE: CORYNEBACTERIUM PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS
GROSS: PURULENT TO INSPISSATED LYMPH NODES WITH CONCENTRIC LAMINATIONS, CAN CAUSE INTERNAL ABSCESSATION
TRANSMISSION: HORIZONTAL, ENTRY THROUGH SKIN WOUNDS

Question 12

KNOW THE CAUSE OF POSTWEANING MULTISYSTEM WASTING SYNDROME AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS YOU MAY SEE IN THE THYMUS AND LYMPH NODE

Answer 12

CAUSE: PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS-2
LYMPH NODES: LYMPHOID DEPLETION WITH GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION WITH MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS AND CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSION BODIES
THYMUS: ATROPHY TO GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION, VIRAL INCLUSIONS

Question 13

LIST CHARACTERISTICS THAT DEFINE TYPES OF LYMPHOMA

Answer 13

ANATOMIC LOCATION (MULTICENTRIC, ALIMENTARY, MEDIASTINAL/THYMIC, SPLEEN, CUTANEOUS, OTHER)
CELLULAR ORIGIN (T VS B VS PRECURSOR)
HISTOLOGIC PATTERN (DIFFUSE VS NODULAR)
BIOLOGIC BEHAVIOR (INDOLENT TO AGGRESSIVE)

Question 14

DESCRIBE CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHOMA

Answer 14

GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOMEGALY
THICKENED INTESTINE, HEPATOMEGALY, SPLENOMEGALY
ADVANCED DISEASE (BONE MARROW OR BLOOD INVOLVEMENT)
MILD TO MODERATE NONREGENERATIVE ANEMIA COMMON
LYMPHOPENIA/LYMPHOCYTOSIS
HYPERCALCEMIA
HYPERGLOBULINEMIA

Question 15

COMPARE THE DIFFERENT TOOLS FOR LYMPHOMA DIAGNOSIS

Answer 15

Question 16

IN CATS, LIST PROGNOSTIC FEATURES IN GI LYMPHOMA

Answer 16

TRANSMURAL VS MUCOSAL, SMALL VS LARGE CELL
SMALL MUCOSAL EPITHELIOTROPIC T CELL LYMPHOMA = SMALL INTESTINE, GOOD PROGNOSIS
LARGE T CELL TRANSMURAL = POOR PROGNOSIS
LARGE BE CELL IN STOMACH AND LARGE INTESTINE = POOR PROGNOSIS

Question 17

NAME THE DISEASE THAT IS TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THYMIC LYMPHOMA IN CATS

Answer 17

FELV
MULTICENTRIC = FIV OR FELV

Question 18

LIST TWO VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHOMA IN CHICKENS AND THE DIFFERENCE IN ANATOMIC DISTRIBUTION IN THESE DISEASES

Answer 18

MAREK’S DISEASE: ENLARGED PERIPHERAL NERVES
LYMPHOID LEUKOSIS: BURSA OF FABRICUS USUALLY INVOLVED

Question 19

DESCRIBE THE CLINICAL FEATURES AND HOW THE DISEASE IS SPREAD IN CHICKENS WITH MAREK’S (GALLID HERPES VIRUS) DISEASE

Answer 19

PRESENT WITH UNILATERAL PARALYSIS
TUMORS CAN DEVELO IN HEART, OVARY, LIVER, LUNG, KIDNEY, EYES, FEATHER FOLLICLES, NERVOUS SYSTEM
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS, BIRD-BIRD OR CONTAMINATED SOIL, CLOTHES, EQUIPMENT, DUST AND DANDER, AEROSOL

Question 20

WHAT TYPE OF VIRUS CAUSES BLV

Answer 20

RETROVIRUS – BOVINE LEUKOSIS VIRUS

Question 21

NAME 4 COMMON SITES OF DISEASE IN BLV ASSOCIATED LYMPHOMA

Answer 21

LYMPH NODES, ABOMASUM, UTUERUS AND HEART (HULA)

Question 22

LIST 3 DISEASE SYNDROMES IN SPORADIC LYMPHOMA IN CATTLE

Answer 22

THYMIC DISEASE: <2YRS OF AGE, RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
MULTICENTRIC DISEASE: 3-6 MONTHS OLD, LIVER/SPLEEN/KIDNEY/BM INVOLVEMENT
CUTANEOUS DISEASE: 1-3YRS OLD, PLAQUES