Exam 1: Pulmonary (2)

Question 1

WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL SIGNS OF SINONASAL DISEASE?

Answer 1

SNEEZING
FOUL ODOR
FACIAL DEFORMITY
NASAL DISCHARGE
NOISY BREATHING
EPISTAXIS
INCREASED RESPIRATORY EFFORT

Question 2

COUGHING V SNEEZING

Answer 2

COUGHING = LOWER RESP
SNEEZING = UPPER RESP

Question 3

WHAT IS RHINITIS?

Answer 3

INFLAMMATION OF THE NASAL MUCOSA
[OFTEN OCCURS WITH SINUSITIS]

Question 4

WHAT ARE CAUSES OF RHINITIS?

Answer 4

ACUTE VIRAL
ACUTE ALLERGIC
ACUTE BACTERIAL
FOREIGN BODIES
CHRONIC

Question 5

CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE VIRAL RHINITIS

Answer 5

SERO-MUCOID DISCHARGE
MILD EPITHELIAL CELL DEGERNERATION

Question 6

CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Answer 6

SEROUS DISCHARGE (+/- MUCUS)
IgE, EOSINOPHILS, MAST CELLS

Question 7

CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE BACTERIAL RHINITIS

Answer 7

PURULENT TO MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE
USUALLY SECONDARY TO MUCOSAL DAMAGE (VIRAL, TRAUMA, DENTAL, DEHORNING)

Question 8

CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN BODIES

Answer 8

MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE
OFTEN BLOODY

Question 9

WHAT ARE POTENTIAL SEQUELAE OF SINUSITIS AND RHINITIS?

Answer 9

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA AND PULMONARY ABSCESSES
OSTEOMYELITIS AND TURBINATE ATROPHY (ATROPHIC RHINITIS, PIGS)
MENINGITIS
OTITIS +/- VESTIBULAR SYNDROME AND POLYP FORMATION

Question 10

PATHOGENESIS OF NASAL AND NASOPHARYNGEAL POLYPS

Answer 10

FROM CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
COMPOSED OF A MYXOMATOUS MATRIX, FIBROPLASIA COVERED WITH NASAL EPITHELIUM
CONTROL OF INFLAMMATION WILL REDUCE SIZE, BUT LESION IS PERSISTENT

Question 11

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS RHINITIS?

Answer 11

SM ANIMALS: ASPERGILLOSIS, COCCIDIOMYCOSIS, CRYPTOCOCCUS
LG ANIMALS: ZYGOMYCOSIS, RHINOSPORIDIOSIS, PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS, PYTHIOSIS

Question 12

MURINE RESPIRATORY MYCOPLASMOSIS

Answer 12

MYCOPLASMA PULMONIS
OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER BACTERIA AND VIRUSS
SUPPURATIVE RHINITIS, OTITIS MEDIA, LARYNGOTRACHEITIS, AND SUPPURATIVE PNEUMONIA WITH BRONCHIECTASIS

Question 13

PASTEURELLOSIS “SNUFFLES”

Answer 13

Question 14

INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS

Answer 14

Question 15

MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER

Answer 15

Question 16

ATROPHIC RHINITIS

Answer 16

Question 17

SINONASAL NEOPLASIA (+ SPECIES)

Answer 17

Question 18

EPISTAXIS

Answer 18

BLOOD MAY ORIGINATE FROM WITHIN THE NASAL CAVITY (TRAUMA, INFLAMMATION, ETHMOID HEMATOMA) OR DISTAL TO THE NASAL CAVITY (GUTTURAL POUCH MYCOSIS, NEOPLASIA, COAGULATION DEFECTS, PNEUMONIA, EXERCISE-INDUCED PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE IN HORSES)

Question 19

CLINICAL SIGNS: DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX, LARYNX, GUTTURAL POUCH, TRACHEA

Answer 19

STRIDOR
COUGH
PTYALISM
CHANGES IN VOICE/VOCALIZATION
NASAL DISCHARGE
INCREASED DYSPNEA AND CYANOSIS
DYSPHAGIA
HEAD/NECK EXTENSION

Question 20

INSPIRATORY VS EXPIRATORY STRIDOR

Answer 20

INSPIRATORY INDICATES AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION ABOVE THE GLOTTIS
EXPIRATORY INDICATES TRACHEAL OBSTRUCTION

Question 21

BRACHYCEPHALIC AIRWAY SYNDROME (WHAT ARE THE 4 COMPONENTS?)

Answer 21

Question 22

LARYNGEAL NECROBACILLOSIS

Answer 22

Question 23

LARYNGEAL HEMIPLEGIA

Answer 23

Question 24

WHAT DISEASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE GUTTURAL POUCH?

Answer 24

Question 25

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON PROBLEM WITH THE GUTTURAL POUCH? WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL SIGNS?

Answer 25

Question 26

CANINE INFECTIOUS TRACHEOBRONCHITIS

Answer 26

Question 27

COLLAPSING TRACHEA

Answer 27