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Fall 2013- 721 Fostering Healthy Behaviors > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

5 aspects of goal setting

A
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2
Q

Health is a state of complete ___, ___, & ____ well-being; and not merely the absence of diesease of infirmity. This the the WHO’s definition of health.

A

physical, mental, social

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3
Q

An individual must be healthy to be well? True/False

A

False, for example a patient who had a stroke goes for walks and enjoys life; therefore, they are not healthy but are well

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4
Q

What is wellness?

A

a lifestyle; dynamic (the “process”)

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5
Q

What is health?

A

A point in time; static (the “product”). Health is a triad of the physical, the mental, and the social states of being.

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6
Q

What is optimal health?

A

A balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health

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7
Q

According to the CDC what is health promotion?

A

“Science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health.” “purposeful activities designed to enhance the health of oneself and/or others
 Enhanced through:
• Supportive environments
• Increased awareness
• Changing behavior

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8
Q

APTA 6 Dimensions of Wellness

A

o Physical
o Spiritual
o Intellectual
o Social
o Emotional
o Occupational

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9
Q

What is primary prevention? Give some examples.

A

stopping disease before it starts. According to the APTA primary prevention is “prevention of disease in susceptible populations or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general health promotion efforts.
 Examples: handwashing, immunizations

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10
Q

What is secondary prevention? Give some examples.

A

Decreasing the duration of illness severity through early detection and prompt intervention.
 According to the APTA secondary prevention is “efforts to decrease duration of illness, severity of disease and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention”
 Examples: screening tests (mammography, BP checks, colonoscopy)

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11
Q

What is tertiary prevention? Give some examples.

A

Decreasing the degree of disability and promoting restoration of function of people with chronic diseases; optimum management
 Examples: fighting parkinson’s disease with exercise

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12
Q

The current role of the PT is to ____, but we are working towards becoming more ___.

A

restore, preventative

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13
Q

What is the National Prevention Strategy?

A

o Healthy people can enjoy their lives, go to work, contribute to their communities, learn, and support their families and friends. A healthy nation is able to educate its people, create and sustain a thriving economy, defend itself, and remain prepared for emergencies.

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14
Q

What is Healthy People 2020 and what are their 2 primary goals?

A

Set of health objectives for the U.S Population. 2 primary goals:
• Help individuals of all ages increase life expectancy and improve their quality of life
• Eliminate health disparities among different segments of the population

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15
Q

When using surveys to assess wellness what are some good things to do?

A

 Keep Q’s short
 Define items that may be misunderstood
 Non threatening and important Q at the beginning
 Assess cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains

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16
Q

When using surveys to assess wellness what are something not to do?

A

 Complex terms
 Leading or biased items
 Vague adjgectives (seldom, rarely, frequent)
 Double negatives

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17
Q

What are the 5 core principles for motivational interviewing?

A

Express Empathy
Develop Discrepancy
Avoid Argument
Support Self-Efficacy
Roll with Resistance

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18
Q

What are some assumptions of motivational interviewing?

A

o Ambivalence is normal AND an obstacle
o Ambivalence can be resolved
o Collaborative partnership-each has expertise
o Empathetic, supportive, yet directive, counseling style facilitates change
o Direct argument/aggressive confrontation may INCREASE defensiveness, REDUCE likelihood of change

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19
Q

How does one express empathy and what is the key?

A

Key: reflective listening
Imposing direction and judgement rather than reflective listeing creates barriers that impair the therapeutic relationship

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20
Q

How do you develop discrepancy?

A

o Help client recognize discrepancies by using carefully chosen, strategic reflecting
o Cultural background affects their perceptions of discrepancy
o Good understanding of client’s cultural values

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21
Q

How do you avoid argument?

A

o Avoid power struggles between clinician and client
o When client voices arguments for change, progress will be made

22
Q

How would one support self-efficacy?

A

o Communicate belief in client’s capacity
o Compare to others in similar situations: have someone speak to them as role models
o Credible, understandable, accurate information
o Info about tools for recovery that instills hope
o Bread down the change into smaller steps

23
Q

How does one roll with the resistance?

A

o Signal that the clinician needs to change direction with or listen more carefully to the client
o Don’t get defensive

24
Q

According to Healthy People 2020 what is health literacy?

A

“ the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions”

25
Q

According to the AMA Council of Scientific Affairs what is functional health literacy?

A

“the ability to read and comprehend prescription bottles, appointment slips and other essential health-related materials required to successfully function as a patient”

26
Q

People with low functional health literacy are less likely to:

A

 Understand written/oral info given
 Navigate health system to obtain needed services
 Act on necessary procedures/directions (meds and apt. schedules)
 Incorporate preventative care

27
Q

People with low functional health literacy are more likely to:

A

 Receive health care services through publicly financed programs after controlling other factors (age/education/SES)
 Higher health care costs: reading level below 3rd grade had average annual health care costs 4x average Medicaid population

28
Q

Who has health literacy problems?

A

According to the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL): 59% of US adults 65+ have basic/below basic literacy, 50% of welfare recipients read below 5th grade & 66% of Hispanic Americans and 58% African American have basic/below basic literacy

69% who rated their health as poor had basic/below basic literacy skills

People w/ Medicare/Medicaid/no insurance had lower health literacy scores than those with employer/military/privately provided
People with lower health literacy have a difficult time managing disease (HTN, DM, Asthma, HIV/AIDS)

29
Q

What are some strategies to help overcome low health literacy?

A
  • Surrogate readers: family members, translators etc
  • Forms prior to the apt so they can prepare to bring someone, and prep what info will be needed
  • “Teach back”-ask pt to repeat or restate instructions like they are telling a friend
  • Use Common Words
  • Limit info provided in a single visit given only 50% is actually retained
  • Focus on info to promote pt action, motivation, self-empowerment, avoid detailed facts
30
Q

What reading grade level should all health education materal be in? What is the average reading grade level in the US?

A

5th-6th for health materials, 8th is the US average

• Difficult to read: 8th and up. Especially medical jargon and more info than needed

31
Q

What are the 3 domains of learning?

A

cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), affective (attitude)

32
Q

What is the recommended protein intake?

A

0.5-0.8g/kg

33
Q

What is the recommended amount of protein for athletes?

A

1.3-1.4g/kg

34
Q

Over ____g/kg of protein there has been no benefit

A

1.35

35
Q

What is the recommended daily fiber intake for females and males?

A

females 20g/day & males 30g/day

36
Q

According Nevada Kids Count, Over __% of overweight children are still overweight as adults.

A

70

37
Q

What are sources of good protein?

A

lentils, nuts, soy, fish, lean meat, poultry, and low fat dairy

38
Q

Is malpractive possible while acting as wellness provider?

A

???

39
Q

What is the difference between a lapse and relapse?

A

Lapse: temporary cessation of healthy behavior. Cessation does not produce significant adverse effect. Can occur in MAINTENANCE OR PERMANENT MAINTENANCE

Relapse: cessation of healthy behavior that is longer than temporary. This produces significant adverse effects. May occur in MAINTENANCE stage, cannot occur if individual has achieved permanent maintenance.

40
Q

What is the trans-thoretical model (stages of change model)?

A

 Precontemplation
 Contemplation
 Preparation
 Action
 Maintenance
 Adoption/Termination

41
Q

What makes a role model?

A

walking the talk

42
Q

How does physical health relate and impact social and mental health?

A

the triad of health: physical, mental, and social

43
Q

What are the 6 dimenstions of wellness?

A

spiritual, occupational, social, physical, intellectual, emotional (SOS PIE)

44
Q

Exercises for maintaining functional movement for parkinson’s disease is an example of what type of prevention?

A

Tertiary

45
Q

What are primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention?

A

Primary prevention (stopping disease before it starts), secondary (decreasing the duration of illness serverity through early detection and prompt intervention), tertiary (decreasing the degree of the disability and restoring restorative function with people with chronic diseases)

46
Q

What are the 3 parts of Bloom’s taxonomy of learning?

A

cognitive, psychomotor, affective

47
Q

What are the 3 parts of the self determination theory?

A

competitence, relatedness, autonomy

48
Q

What are the 5 core principles of

A

roll with resistance, express empathy, avoid argument, develop discrepancy, support self-efficacy (READS)

49
Q

What is negligence?

A

failure to comply to the standard of care

50
Q

What is malpractice?

A

negligence by a health care provider

51
Q

Name 3 sub max tests?

A

6 min walk, 1 mile walk, modified BRUCE

Fall 2013- 721 Fostering Healthy Behaviors (2 decks)

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