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landscapes and surgical processes > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

why was glacial theory hard to accept

A

a lot of people didn’t know glaciers existed

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2
Q

what is orogenesis

A

mountain building

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3
Q

what is differential erosion

A

arises wherever tock materials contrasting in terms of internal strength are closely juxtaposed

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4
Q

difference of basaltic and silicious magmas

A

basaltic has low viscosity silicious has high

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5
Q

what is a lahsar

A

mud lava flow

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6
Q

what are the four main chemical reactions

A

oxidation
solution
hydrolysis most important
ion exchange

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7
Q

what minerals are more seceptable to weathering

A

the ones formed in higher temps and the ones farther away from surface conditions

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8
Q

what is a karst landscape made of

A

limestone and dolomite

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9
Q

difference between creep and fall

A

fall is free falling creep is gradual

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10
Q

what is hotionian overland flow

A

where precipitation rates exceed the infiltration capacity of a soil excess will run across the surface

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11
Q

what does localised erosion produce

A

rills

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12
Q

what is saturated overland flow compared to hortonian overland flow

A

precipitation falls on ground but the pore space is already filled, the water must run across the surface
hortonian= precipitation rates exceed the infiltration capacity of the soilexcess water will run across the surface

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13
Q

what is the Bowen sequence

A

the order of crystilation of minerals in cooling magma

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14
Q

what is the main characteristic of a karst landscape

A

soluble bedrock and found usually in tropics

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15
Q

what can cause a stress field

A

deformation of the material or growth of a foreign material

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16
Q

what are the five primary mechanisms of rock disintegration

A

pressure release
thermal expansion
hydration
crystallisation
biological

17
Q

what are some controls on weathering

A

rock type
climate type

slope and aspect
vegetation
drainage

18
Q

definition of a slide

A

coherent movement of material with well defined failure surfaces

19
Q

what causes a transport limited hillslope

A

when the rate of weathering is greater than erosion so that unconsolidated material accumulates
more curved shape

20
Q

what causes a weathering limited hillslope

A

rate of sediment or regolith production is lower then the rate of removal

21
Q

what are the three types of loads

A

dissolved
suspended
bed

22
Q

what do variations in sediment load depend on

A

strem compitence
sediment supply
hysteresis effects (

23
Q

what’s a braided stream channel

A

a main trunk with a network of subparrellel branches

24
Q

what’s a anastomosing stream channel

A

consist of an interconnected network of channels separated by islands or pre-existing flood plain material

25
Q

what’s are alluvial valley fills

A

valley fills result from aggregation (deposition) within previously eroded valley

26
Q

how much of the earths surface do glaciers cover

A

11% 30% in recent geological past

27
Q

what are the three mechanisms of movement

A

Internal deformation
Basal sliding
soft bed deformation

28
Q

what are the two main types of glaciers and their differences

A

continental large enough to cover most of landscape
alpine glaciers- follow pre-existing topology

29
Q

what are the main glacial erosion methods

A

plucking
abrasion
glaciated valleys

30
Q

till vs stratified drift

A

stratified drift is sorted rounded and organised into layers till is not

31
Q

what the fuck is a drumlin

A

smooth tear shaped hill in the direction of the ice movement

32
Q

what is kame

A

ice contact stratified sediment in the form of a mound or steep sided hill

33
Q

what’s an esker

A

glacial sediments deposited in long ridges

landscapes and surgical processes (4 decks)

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