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Intro to Comm Disorder > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some ways a person can get laryngitis?

A

Yelling, screaming at a concert, laughing a lot or speaking loudly

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2
Q

What is laryngitis?

A

Laryngitis occurs when the vocal folds become swollen and cause a change in voice quality

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3
Q

Aphonia is

A

Complete loss of voice

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4
Q

What are three important factor to look for in voice quality?

A

1.Hoarse
2. Harsh
3. Breathy

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5
Q

Excess muscle tension

A

Harsh voice quality

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6
Q

Partial whisper

A

Breathy voice quality

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7
Q

A combination of harsh and breathy voice

A

Hoarse voice quality

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8
Q

What can cause a voice disorder

A
  1. Atrophy
  2. Hyper function
  3. Hypofunction
  4. Neurological
  5. psychological factor
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9
Q

What is atophy

A

A reduction of tissue

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10
Q

What is hyper function

A

Increased muscle activity

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11
Q

What is hypofunction

A

Reduced muscle activity

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12
Q

What type of abnormality is seen in 20% of patients with voice disorders

A

Nodules

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13
Q

Which type of abnormality is kind of like a blister

A

Polyps

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14
Q

Which type of abnormality is kind of like a callus

A

Nodules

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15
Q

Nodules can be described as:

A

Hard and thick mass

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16
Q

Polyps can be described as:

A

Small balloons with filled blood and other fluids

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17
Q

Which type of abnormality forms on only one side of the vocal folds

A

polyps

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18
Q

Which type of abnormality forms in pairs

A

nodules

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19
Q

diplophonia

A

double voice -vocal folds are vibrating at a different rate

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20
Q

which type of abnormality is seen in 10% of patients with voice problems

A

polyps

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21
Q

these types of abnormalities are larger than nodules or calluses

A

polyps

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22
Q

contact ulcers can be caused by

A
  1. Excessive slamming during inappropriately low pitch
  2. Frequent nonproductive(when you dry cough and nothing comes up) coughing or throat clearing
  3. Gastric reflux resulting in acidic irritation
  4. Intubation trauma
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23
Q

which type of abnormality looks like warts that occur on the vocal folds

A

papillomas

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24
Q

papillomas can cause _____ problems if they continue to grow and spread in the vocal folds.

A

breathing

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25
Q

which type of abnormality effects 10% of patients

A

carcinoma

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26
Q

If a person gets carcinoma, they may need the larynx removed to prevent metastasize. what is this called

A

laryngectomy

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27
Q

what is carcinoma

A

cancerous abnormalities that form in the vocal folds.

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28
Q

examples of voice Disorders resulting from Neurological Impairment are:

A

paralysis & spasmodic dysphonia

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29
Q

Vocal Abnormalities unrelated (without) to Structural Tissue Change are

A
  1. conversion aphonia/dysphonia
  2. puberphonia
  3. muscle tension dysphonia
  4. gender &voice
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30
Q

continued use of a high pitched voice of a male that has already gone through puberty. This is a functional disorder (like Michael Jackson)

A

puberphonia

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31
Q

caused by lots of tension in the laryngeal muscles
Can be lumps or balls in the larynx

A

muscle tension dysphonia

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32
Q

want to know what they do for a living, age, gender, ask lots of very detailed questions. (sewing)

A

patient interview

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33
Q

analysis of what the voice sounds like “how do I perceive the voice” its up to the therapist ear and how she hears the voice.
Can have them sustain a vowel (loud and for as long as they can)
Can have them count
Do a reading sample
Sing
Talk back and forth
Asset their pitch and loudness by sliding up and down a scale

A

perceptual assessment

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34
Q

two types of assessments

A

patient interview & perceptual assessment

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35
Q

when doing an assessment what are three main things you look at

A

1.pitch
2.loudness
3.quality

36
Q

formal test where we listen to and answer test.

A

Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V)

37
Q

test where they read statement and check ‘never’ ‘sometimes’ ‘always’. Gives us an idea on how they are feeling on their voice

A

Voice Handicap Index (VHI)

38
Q

Flexible Videoendoscopy

A

goes through the nose, sits on the vocal folds to look at the vocal folds.

39
Q

Stroboscopy

A

able to look at the vocal folds and how they move back and forth

40
Q

two types of instrumental evaluation

A

flexible videoendoscopy & stroboscopy

41
Q

cancer in the throat, so they have to remove the larynx or vocal folds. After surgery, you don’t have a larynx, don’t have voice. So have to find a different way to speak.

A

laryngectomy

42
Q

Three alternative ways to speak

A

artificial larynx
esophageal speech
tracheoesophageal speech

43
Q

what is esophageal speech

A

uses the esophagus. they take a gulp of air, they push it into the ways of the esophagus and release. May sound like they are talking on burps

44
Q

what is tracheoesophageal speech

A

a hole in the throat called soma, when they use it then need to cove it.

45
Q

what is artificial larynx

A

two types –
1. (large one)turn in and it vibrates and just need to mouth the words.
2. (small one) little box with tube. Put tube in mouth and it vibrates, they just mouth words.

46
Q

An opening that passes through one or more structures that is normally closed.

A

cleft

47
Q

an opening running through the soft palate and the bony roof of the mouth

A

cleft palate

48
Q

opening in the upper lip

A

cleft lip

49
Q

how do clefts develop

A

failure to fuse together

50
Q

Bones of the hard palate fuse from ____ weeks after conception

A

8-9

51
Q

Soft palate fuse by __weeks

A

12

52
Q

Cleft palate happens between ___ months of age in the womb

A

2-3

53
Q

individuals born with muscle weakness and have lots of air.

A

Palatopharyngeal inadequacy

54
Q

The lips are typically surgically repaired within the first ___months of life.

A

3

55
Q

As soon as the baby comes out, the main job of the SLP is

A

feeding

56
Q

sounds are resonating in the nasal cavity

A

Hypernasality

57
Q

air is coming out because they don’t have good velopharyngeal closure

A

nasal emission

58
Q

errors that children make because they are trying to compensate for their speech

A

Compensatory Errors

59
Q

types of compensatory errors are

A

glottal stops or
pharyngeal fricatives for stop (plosive) consonants

60
Q

sounds like you have a cold

A

denasal

61
Q

Management of Patients with Oral-Facial Clefts

A
  1. SLP
  2. Pediatrician
  3. Oral maxilla-facial surgeon
  4. Plastic surgeon
  5. Audiologist
  6. Dentist
  7. Orthodontist
  8. Ear-nose-throat doctor
  9. Social worker
62
Q

Speech Assessment in cleft palate childen

A

Articulation testing,
Oral Mechanism exam
Estimates of nasality
Instrumentation (additional

63
Q

what is tested when using Articulation Testing

A

 single-word articulation tests (what is this, what is this)
 collecting speech samples
 Attention to Intraoral pressure sounds( listen to pressure sounds) /p/ /k/ /b/ /d/

64
Q

what is done when doing an oral mechanism exam

A

looking into the mouth
 determine the anatomic and functional abilities of the speech production system
 nonspeech(curl & lateralize tongue) and speech tasks

65
Q

what is looked at for estimates of nasality

A

Does the person have poor velopharyngeal closure (air coming through the nose)
Are they mildly nasal or excessive nasal
Does it effect their intelligibility

66
Q

types of Instrumental Assessment of Nasality

A

nasometer & nasal endoscopy

67
Q

tube w ball and hose that folds up into the nose. Each time they say puppy the ball move, because air comes out through the nose. Not supposed to happen

A

nasometer

68
Q

goes into the nose and look at the velopharyngeal wall

A

Nasal endoscopy

69
Q

Pharyngeal flap surgery

A

cut a long strip of the back of the throat and attach it to the soft palate. Only for people with bad anterior and posterior movement in the pharynx

70
Q

cut the posterior pillers and attach to the back wall of the pharynx. Only for people with bad lateral movement in the pharynx

A

Superior sphincter pharyngoplasty Prosthetic Management

71
Q

two types of secondary surgery

A

pharynegal flap surgery & superior sphincter pharyngoplasty management

72
Q

wear like a retainer by putting it into your mouth. Bulb forms good anterior and posterior movement. Allows for closure of the velopharyngeal.

A

speech bulb

73
Q

wider than the bulb. lifts the weak soft palate in order for velopharyngeal closure to take place

A

Palatal Lift

74
Q

two types of speech appliances

A

palatal lift & speech bulb

75
Q

is used to describe speech that is effortless in nature. It is easy, rhythmical, and evenly flowing

A

fluency

76
Q

atypical disruption in the flow of speech

A

stuttering

77
Q

o Guitar (2005) – 3 part definition of stuttering

A
  1. high frequency or duration of repetitions, prolongations, and/or blockages that interrupt the flow of speech
  2. combined with excessive mental and physical effort to resume talking
  3. Negative perceptions of their communication abilities
78
Q

Basic Facts of Stuttering – Table 8-2

A
  • 1% of the school-age population stutters
  • 5% have stuttered for a period of 6 months or more at some point in their lives
  • Seen more in males than females - 3:1(boys to girls)
  • For 50% or more of people who stutter, other family member also stutters
  • 90% of people who stutter started by 7 years of age
  • Spontaneous Recovery - 50% of children
79
Q

Primary Stuttering Behaviors/Core Behaviors

A
  • Sound repetitions
  • Prolongations
  • Inaudible sound prolongation/block
80
Q

Sound repetitions are

A

Repetitions of sounds (baseb,b,b,b,ball)

81
Q

prolongations are

A

prolong a sound (v——–an)

82
Q

Inaudible sound prolongation/block are

A

Holding articulators in place to say the sound, articulators are tense and no sound releases.

83
Q

secondary stuttering behaviors is the

A

adaptation that stutterers make to try as they get through the stuttering behaviors to avoid them. something they do to get out of stuttering

84
Q

secondary stuttering behaviors

A

blinking
open their jaws
pursue their lips
change their words
flap arms or hands
stomp on the floor while they say a word
insert /uh/ before the word they stutter on

85
Q

contact ulcers

A

develop at sites of ulceration arise at the vocal processes

86
Q

three type of spasmodic dysphonia

A

adductor spasmodic dysphonia, abductor spasmodic dysphonia, mixed spasmodic dysphonia

Intro to Comm Disorder (3 decks)

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