Exam 2 Flashcards
use of nucleotides
genetic information
energy “currency”
phosphate group donation
coenzymes
bioconjugation
second messenger
RNA is considered ___ stable than DNA because
less; its 2’ hydroxyl can be deprotonated and act as a strong nucleophile during the autocleaving mechanism
A DNA strand containing 200 bp (400 bases) and 15% adenine content will have ___ cytosines
140
DNA strands containing 45%, 55%, 65% AT base pairs were denatured and the results graphed. Curve ___ represents that strand with 65% AT because___
A, this strand contains the least number of hydrogen bonds?
DNA that is involved actively in transcription is known as ___ DNA that is more condensed is known as ____
euchromatin, heterchromatin
In eukaryotes, “mature” mRNA that serves as the template for protein synthesis contains
exons, poly A tail, 5’ cap
During PCR temperature is set to ~60 degrees C to ___, and ~72 degrees Celsius to
allow the primers to anneal to the template; elongate the new strands
A high throughput DNA sequencing reaction was carried out, and the resulting copy has the sequence shown, What is the sequence of the template DNA
5” GGCTAGTCGACTAGTA 3’
5’ TACTAG 3’
the purpose of microarray is to__
determine gene expression levels
to complete a microarray assay, a person
isolates RNA from a sample and uses reverse transcriptase to make fluorescent copies
Many G proteins are composed of three subunits, known as alpha, beta, gamma because each is unique. This type of G protein could be called
heterotrimer
which of these amino acids is most likely to be buried on the interior of a globular protein
Leu
Asp
Lys
Tyr
Ser
Leu
enzymes that add phosphoryl groups are called
kinases
frameshift mutation
a mutation in nucleic acid sequence that alters the reading frame and can lead to a new protein sequence
protein secondary structure
hydrogen bonding patterns between backbone peptide bond
alpha helices, beta strands, beta turns
which of the following regarding keratin is false
keratin is a large component of hair and fingernails
keratin subunits are held together by modified and crosslinked lysine residues
keratin is composed largely of hydrophobic amino acids
the dominant secondary structure of keratin is alpha helical
keratin subunits are held together by modified and crosslinked lysine residues
phenylketonuria is a disease caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. The most common in many populations is the mutation of arginine to tryptophan, at physiological pH, arginine is ___ amino acid, and this mutation can trigger degradation due to misfolding. this degradation would be considered a __ mutation
positively charged, loss of function
explain the role of multi cloning site
the MCS allows additional material to be added to the plasmid
explain importance of antibiotic resistance gene within the plasmid
allows for selection of bacteria transformed with plasmid
explain the role of restriction enzymes and DNA ligase during the cloning process
restriction enzymes cut the plasmid and gene
ligases seal the backbone
describe what happens when the lac z gene and colony color if cloning is sucessful
inhibits the enzyme, and colonies would be white if sucessful
what was role of urea in RNase A experiment
disrupts H bonds
what was the role of BME in RNase A experiment
disrupts disulfide bonds
which of these is not found in the most common form of DNA
parallel strands
deoxyribose
right handed double helix
major groove
minor groove
parallel strands
DNA polymerase in molecular cloning and PCR processes
enzyme that uses DNA template to generate DNA copy, responsible for chain elongation
The tumor necrosis factor protein is composed of three identical subunits, this would be called
homotrimer
nonsense mutation
mutation in nucleic acid sequence that leads to a protein with a premature stop
tertiary structure
intramolecular forces between R groups
disulfide bonds
3D shape
PCR is used in next step of microarray, what enzyme is used
reverse transcriptase
during PCR, would dNTPs or ddNTPs be used
dNTPs
