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OBGYN & Pediatrics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Mammogenesis:

A

Mammary growth/development

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2
Q

When does Mammogenesis occur and how much weight does each breast gain?

A

1st half of pregnancy; 400g

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3
Q

Definition of Lactogenesis:

A

Initiation of milk secretion

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4
Q

Definition of Galactopoiesis:

A

Maintenance of established milk secretion

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5
Q

Antagonistic hormone during Galactopoiesis:

A

Gonadal Hormones are Antagonistic with Prolactin

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6
Q

Anterior pituitary releases ___________ & causes _________________.

A

Prolactin; Alveolar cells to secrete milk/swells the alveoli

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7
Q

Posterior Pituitary releases ___________ and functions in ___________.

A

Oxytocin; muscle contraction around alveoli in breast

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8
Q

Which hormone is associated with the let-down reflex

A

Oxytocin

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9
Q

Benefits of Breastfeeding for Mom:

A

1) mom/child bonding
2) prevents uterine bleeding after delivery
3) natural family planning
4) reduced breast & ovarian cancer risk
5) money & time saver

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10
Q

Benefits of Breastfeeding for Baby:

A

1) Best possible nutrition
2) reduces diseases & infections
3) essential for physical/emotional/mental development

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11
Q

What 2 proteins are found in human milk?

A

Whey & Casein

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12
Q

What does Lactoferrin do?

A

Inhibits growth of iron-independent bacteria in the GI tract

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13
Q

What does Secretory IgA do?

A

Protect infant from viruses, bacteria, E. Coli & allergies

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14
Q

What do IgG and IgM do?

A

Help protect against bacterial and viral infections

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15
Q

What does Lysozyme do?

A

1) Enzyme that protects fetus against E. Coli & Salmonella
2) Also promotes growth of healthy intestinal Flora
3) Anti-inflammatory functions

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16
Q

What does Bifidus factor do?

A

Supports growth of Lactobacillus which protects baby from bacteria by creating acidic environment where it can’t survive

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17
Q

Function of fats for baby

A

1) Brain development
2) Primary calorie source

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18
Q

Function of Long Chain fatty acids for baby:

A

Brain, Retina & NS Development

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19
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

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20
Q

What are the Water soluble vitamins?

A

1) C
2) Riboflavin
3) Niacin
4) Pantothenic Acid

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21
Q

What is the primary Carbuhydrate found in human milk?

A

Lactose

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22
Q

Lactose helps to…

A

1) Decrease unhealthy bacteria in baby’s stomach
2) Improve absorption of Ca+, Phosphorus & Mg+

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23
Q

What is Colostrum?

A

[Liquid Gold]
Yellow milk due to high Beta-Carotene with high Protein & Laxative effect

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24
Q

What does transitional milk contain and when is it developed?

A

Increased levels of Lactose & fats for weight gain
(Day 7-14)

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25
Q

When is mature milk established and what does it include?

A

Foremilk (clear/blue) & Hindmilk (white/cream)
(Day 14)

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26
Q

Contraindications for breastfeeding (Mom):

A

1) TB
2) Cancer/Chemo
3) Illegal/Recreational Drugs
4) HIV Infection

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27
Q

Contraindications for breastfeeding (Baby):

A

Galactosemia

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28
Q

NEWBORNS can nurse for ___________ minutes/breast, every _____ hours, & ____________ times/day.

A

5-10 minutes
2-3 hours
10-12 times

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29
Q

Babies over 1 month can nurse for ___________ minutes/breast, & every _____ hours.

A

20-40 minutes
3-4 hours

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30
Q

Babies by 6 months can nurse for ___________ minutes/breast & ____________ times/day.

A

20-40 minutes
3-5 times

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31
Q

Ideal breastfeeding position:

A

Side-lying

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32
Q

There is a risk of what with side-lying breastfeeding?

A

Suffocation & SIDS for mothers who co-sleep while nursing

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33
Q

What is the Classic breastfeeding position?

A

Cradle hold

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34
Q

What breastfeeding position has the best latch for newborns?

A

Cross-Cradle hold

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35
Q

What breastfeeding position is sometimes called the Biological nursing position? Why?

A

Reclining/Lying Back
(Stimulates baby’s instinctive feeding reflexes)

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36
Q

What position for breastfeeding is good for mom’s struggling with muscle pain/recovery from labor?

A

Reclining/Lying back

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37
Q

What breastfeeding position is ideal for mom’s recovering from abdominal surgery/recovery from labor?

A

Football/Clutch Hold

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38
Q

What breastfeeding position helps babies get a deeper latch & reduces the let-down reflex?

A

Football/Clutch hold

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39
Q

Complications from breastfeeding: (10)

A

1) Breast pain
2) Biting
3) Too much milk
4) Mastitis
5) Breast Abcess
6) Breast Engorgement
7) Sore/Cracked nipples
8) Improper Latching
9) Thrush
10) Dry Skin/Dermatitis

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40
Q

Red Flags for breastfeeding:

A

1) Infant weight loss >7%
2) Cont. Weight loss after day 3
3) No Audible swallowing
4) <6 wet diapers/day after day 4
5) <3 stools/day after day 4
6) Minimal breast changes after day 5
7) Persistant nipple pain > 60 sec after latching

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41
Q

4 Signs baby IS getting adequate milk:

A

1) Content for 1-2 hrs after feed
2) Passes clear, dilute urine 5-6x/day
3) Passes bright yellow watery stool 6-8x/day
4) Regains birth weight after 2 weeks

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42
Q

What is Meconium?

A

Black tarry 1st bowel that looks fatty

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43
Q

How often should baby have a Yellow Bowel Movement?

A

At least 4

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44
Q

How many extra calories do breastfeeding mothers burn/day?

A

500+

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45
Q

In order to breastfeed.. baby coordinates ___ bones in their skull, ___ joints, ___ voluntary & involuntary muscles, under the control of _____ of the 12 cranial nerves.

A

22; 34; 60; 6

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46
Q

What is the OPTIMAL position for baby in the womb?

A

Occiput anterior; Vertex (VOA)

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47
Q

What arthrokinematics does a Occiput anterior baby have?

A

Longitudinal lie
Head in slight flexion

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48
Q

What is the HAPPY position for a baby in the womb?

A

Head down + Neck flexed

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49
Q

In what fetal position can a baby NOT extend their head out from under the pubic bone?

A

Occiput Posterior (Facial/Brow) (VOP) (Sunny-side up)

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50
Q

Arthrokinematics for a sunny-side up fetal position

A

Severe = facial extension
AS Occiput
Bruising

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51
Q

What does mom experience with a sunny-side up fetal position?

A

Pubic symphysis dislocation
Sharp pubic bone pain

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52
Q

MC Breech position is…

A

Franck Breech

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53
Q

Arthrokinematics of a Franck breech baby

A

Head @ top of uterus
Buttocks facing birth canal
Both hips in flexion
Both knees extended

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54
Q

Breech vaginal birth is __________.

A

Not practiced anymore

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55
Q

Arthrokinematics for a complete breech fetal presentation:

A

Legs folded at the knees. & crossed
Feet near buttocks
Hips & knees are flexed

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56
Q

Arthrokinematics for a baby in an Incomplete breech fetal presentation:

A

One leg in extension
Both hips in Flexion

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57
Q

Arthrokinematics for a baby in a footling breech fetal position:

A

One hip in extension
One hip in Flexion

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58
Q

What might happen in a footling breech fetal position?

A

If baby kicks, the pelvic floor may rupture

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59
Q

What quadrant do babies usually kick? Why?

A

RUQ; their spine is at the Left (liver position)

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60
Q

Auscultation of the fetal heart in the _____________ indicates a head-up presentation.

A

Upper fundal segment of the Uterus

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61
Q

Auscultation of the fetal heart in the _____________ indicates a possible vertex presentation.

A

Lower half of the uterus

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62
Q

Reason’s to use Webster’s Technique:

A

1) Biomechanical stress on baby at 7 months
2) vertex position w/ slight flexion (crowning)
3) Narrow hip/small mom’s
4) big baby

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63
Q

Origin and insertion of the Uterosacral Ligament:

A

Posterior-Lateral Supra-Vaginal Portion of Cervix -> encircles rectum -> attaches to fascia over sacrum

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64
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Round Ligament

A

Uterus -> Pubic Ramus

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65
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

Not a true ligament as it has muscle fibers which allow it to contract

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66
Q

Webster Supine Listing Sides

A

Pubic Bone: Opposite
Psoas: Same
Round Ligament: Opposite

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67
Q

Webster Prone Listing Sides

A

Leg length: Long = Webster’s side
Sacrum: Same
Piriformis: Sweep
Sacrotuberous Ligament Release: Opposite

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68
Q

What side is the Webster’s side when doing a leg length check?

A

More resistant side

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69
Q

What is the side of Counternutation and nutation in Webster technique?

A

CN: Resistant Leg (Webster’s side)
N: (AI Sacrum) Opposite Webster’s side

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70
Q

Counternutation (Webster Side) Listings:

A

1) Anterior Ilium
2) Posterior Sacrum
3) Apex goes toward CN
4) Inferior Pubic symphysis

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71
Q

Nutation (Logan) Side Listings

A

1) AI Sacrum
2) Posterior Ilium
3) Apex goes away from Nutation
4) Superior Pubic Symphysis

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72
Q

What direction is the Piriformis sweep in Webster’s Technique?

A

M-L on both sides contacting below the SI joints

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73
Q

Psoas muscle release findings & their meanings

A

Restricted side: side of affected Psoas
Should be the Same side as Webster side

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74
Q

What is your CP for correcting a Psoas Muscle?

A

Lateral aspect of 5th Metacarpal

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75
Q

What side in Webster’s technique is the affected round ligament?

A

Opposite of Webster’s Sacral Listing

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76
Q

Definition of Apoptosis

A

Neural development through dendritic branching and pruning

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77
Q

When does the Moro Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

Birth; 4-5 months

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78
Q

When does the Stepping/Placing Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

Birth; Persists as voluntary standing

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79
Q

When does the Positive Support Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

Newborn-3 months; Persist voluntary

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80
Q

When does the Tonic Neck Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

2-3wks; 4-6 months

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81
Q

When does the Crossed Adductor Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

2-3wks; 7-8 months

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82
Q

When does the Neck Righting Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

4-6 months; Persist Voluntary

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83
Q

When does the Parachute Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

6-7 months; Persist

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84
Q

When does the Grasp Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

Birth; 3-4 months

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85
Q

When does the Palmar grasp Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

4-7 months; NONE

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86
Q

When does the Voluntary reach Reflex Response Appear & Disappear?

A

4-5 months; NONE

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87
Q

Cephalocaudal Development (3, 6, 9 & 12 month) developments

A

[Above-Down-Proximal-Distal]
3: Head control
6: Sit independently
9: Crawl
12: Walk

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88
Q

Activities observed at 1-2 months:

A

1) holds head erect
2) turns from side to back
3) allows objects through visual field
4) Alert & respond to voice
5) drops toys
6) “Cooing”

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89
Q

Activities Observed at 3-5 months:

A

1) grasp a cube (1st Ulnar then Thumb)
2) brings objects to mouth
3) “raspberry” sounds
4) sits with support

90
Q

Activities observed at 6-8 months:

A

1) can sit alone for a little bit
2) reaches w/ 1 hand
3) imitates “bye-bye”
4) Passes objects from hand to hand in midline
5) “babbles” adding consonants

91
Q

Activities to be observed at 9-11 months:

A

1) Stands alone
2) Imitates pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo
3) uses thumb & index to pick up
4) SENSE OF PERMANENCE (frontal lobe)

92
Q

Activities Observed at 12 months:

A

1) walks independently
2) “mama” & “dada”
3) releases cube into cup after demonstration
4) gives toys on request
5) tries to build tower of 2 cubes

93
Q

Normal (1), Moderate (2) and Severe (3) Observational Item Grading Scale for: QUALITY OF CRY

A

1: Normal/content
2: whimpering/sobbing
3:weak, moaning, high pitched

94
Q

Normal (1), Moderate (2) and Severe (3) Observational Item Grading Scale for: REACTION TO STIMULATION

A

1: cries briefly or content
2: cries on & off
3: continual cry or hardly responds

95
Q

Normal (1), Moderate (2) and Severe (3) Observational Item Grading Scale for: STATE VARIATION

A

1: awake or wakens quickly
2: awake w/ prolonged stimulation
3: falls to sleep

96
Q

Normal (1), Moderate (2) and Severe (3) Observational Item Grading Scale for: COLOR

A

1: normal color
2: pale extremities or early cyanosis
3:pale, cyanotic, ashen

97
Q

Normal (1), Moderate (2) and Severe (3) Observational Item Grading Scale for: HYDRATION

A

1: skin/eyes moist membranes
2: dry mouth, normal skin & eyes
3: doughy skin/dry mouth/sunken eyes

98
Q

Normal (1), Moderate (2) and Severe (3) Observational Item Grading Scale for: RESPONSE TO SOCIAL OVERTURES

A

1: smiles or alert
2: brief smile or alerts briefly
3: expressionless, no smile or alerting

99
Q

As a child ages what happens to HR, BP and Resp. rate/

A

HR: Decreses
Resp. Rate: Decreases
BP: Increases

100
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

101
Q

Respiratory rates for children:
<12 months
1-3 years
4-5 years
6-12 years
13-16 years

A

30-60 breaths/min
24-40 breaths/min
22-34 breaths/min
18-30 breaths/min
12-16 breaths/min

102
Q

Pulse Rate for Children:
0-1 Month
1-11 months
1-2 years
3-4 years
5-6 years
7-9 years
> 10 years

A

70-190 bpm
80-160 bpm
80-130 bpm
80-120 bpm
75-115 bpm
70-110 bpm
60-100 bpm

103
Q

What is Vernix Caseosa?

A

White cream cheese substance that is a lubricant secreted by fetal sebaceous glands

104
Q

What is Lanugo?

A

Fine, downy hair that covers newborn’s shoulder, back and upper arms (pre-term babies have more)

105
Q

What is Desquamification?

A

Peeling of skin a few days after birth (hands & feet)

106
Q

What is Milia?

A

Pinpoint white papules found on chee or across the bridge of the nose

107
Q

What is erythema Toxicum

A

Begins as papule, increases in severity by 2nd day (disappears day 3)

108
Q

What are Mongolian spots?

A

Accumulation of melanocytes appearing a slate-gray to blue-black skin lesion

109
Q

What foods can children not tolerate?

A

1) Onion
2) Garlic
3) Pepper

110
Q

Signs of Dehydration in a baby

A

1) Depressed fontanelle
2) Chapped lips
3) tenting
4) Diapers

111
Q

If baby has chapped lips…

A

Possible ER referral for dehydration

112
Q

What causes clown mouth?

A

If baby licks their lips all the time

113
Q

What is Central cyanosis?

A

Indicates decreased oxygenation (seen with):
1) Pneumonia
2) Congenital heart Disease
3) Pulmonary Embolism
4) Bronchiolitis

114
Q

Grading of Infant Jaundice:

A

I: face & neck only
II: chest & back
III: abdomen below umbilicus to knees
IV: Arms & legs below knees
V: Hands & feet

115
Q

Normal head size for:
At birth
0-3 months
3-6 months
At 6 months
6-12 months
1-3 years
3-6 years

A

35 cm
Gain 2 cm/month
Gain 1 cm/month
44 cm
Gain 0.5 cm/month
Gain 0.25 cm/month
Gain 1 cm/year

116
Q

What is Craniosynostosis?

A

Premature closure of one or more sutures
(Usually Parietal bone)
REFER OUT TO CRACK THE SKULL

117
Q

What is Plagiocephaly?

A

Oblique head/flattening on one side of the back of the head
(Parietal/occipital area getting flat)

118
Q

What is brachycephaly?

A

Flat head syndrome
(Disproportionally wide compared to its depth)

119
Q

What way does the atlas subluxate if a baby has torticollis rotating to the right?

A

Left Atlas

120
Q

MC form of facial nerve palsy due to birth trauma is

A

Lower part of CN VII (facial)

121
Q

Milestones at 2 months

A
  • Smile at sound of your voice
  • follows you with their eyes
122
Q

Milestones at 3 months

A
  • raises head & chest
  • grasps objects
  • smiles at other people
123
Q

Milestones at 4 months

A
  • babbles/laughs
  • tries to imitate sounds
  • holds head steady
124
Q

Milestones at 6 months

A
  • rolls from back to stomach to back
  • moves objects from hand to hand
125
Q

Milestones at 7 months

A
  • responds to own name
  • finds partially hidden objects
126
Q

Milestones at 9 months

A
  • sits without support
  • crawls
  • “mama” & “dada”
127
Q

Milestones at 12 months

A
  • walks with or without support
  • says at East 1 word
  • enjoys imitating people
128
Q

Milestones at 18 months

A
  • walks independently
  • drinks from a cup
  • says at least 15 words
  • points to body parts
129
Q

Milestones at 2 years

A
  • runs/jumps
  • speaks in 2 word sentences
  • follows simple instructions
  • begins make-believe
130
Q

Milestones at 3 years

A
  • climbs
  • multi word sentences
  • sorts objects by shape and color
131
Q

Milestones at 4 years

A
  • relationship w/ people outside family
  • draws circles & squares
  • ride a tricycle
132
Q

Milestones at 5 years

A
  • tells name & address
  • gets dressed
  • counts 10 or more objects
133
Q

What inhibits the primative reflexes as a child grows?

A

Frontal lobe

134
Q

What is the Moro reflex?

A

[startle reaction]
- occurs when head shifts suddenly, temp changes or they are startled by a noise

135
Q

Absence of the Moro reflex is indicative of

A

1) Clavicular fracture
2) bracioplexus injury

136
Q

What is the Otolith Righting Reflex?

A

As you tip the baby one direction their head flexes opposite to stay in line with the horizon

137
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

Turns head toward anything that strokes cheek or mouth

138
Q

A sense of the palmar/plantar grasp reflex indicates

A

Hypotonia -> Down syndrome

139
Q

What is the Gallant reflex?

A

[trunk incurvatoin]
- ticklish

140
Q

What is the Landau Reflex?

A

Superman

141
Q

What is the parachute reflex?

A

Extend arms to keep them from falling

142
Q

Walking can be begin at anytime between

A

7-15 months of age

143
Q

When will toddlers gain an upright, heel-strike gait & swing their arms?

A

2 years

144
Q

Waddling gait is indicative of:

A

Infantile Coxa vara of undetected congenital hip dislocation

145
Q

What is the growth rate of the spinal column in cm/year?

A

2cm/year

146
Q

Type I Growth Plate Injury:

A

Isolated fracture through growth plate

147
Q

Type II Growth Plate Injury:

A

Fracture through growth plate with separation of a corner of the metaphysis

148
Q

Type III Growth Plate Injury:

A

Fracture extends along growth plate & moves toward the epiphysis

149
Q

Type IV Growth Plate Injury:

A

Vertical oblique fracture extending through metaphysis, growth plate & epiphysis

150
Q

Type V Growth Plate Injury:

A

Compression deformity of growth plate

151
Q

What is the MC injury to baby with a breech presentation?

A

Hip Dislocation
4-6x more common in female babies

152
Q

3 main causes of congenital hip dislocation

A

1) ligament laxity
2) breech mail position
3) defective acetabulum

153
Q

In the case of Unilateral Hip. Dysplasia…

A

The involved extremity appears short & Inguinal creases will be asymmetrical

154
Q

What is Congenital Hip Dysplasia?

A

Inability to flex hips symmetrically

155
Q

Barlow vs. Ortolani

A

Barlow (OUCH) Adducts hip w/ posterior force
Ortolani (NICE) abducts hip with anterior force

156
Q

Galea I Test diagnostic criteria:

A

1) disruption of Shelton line
2) femoral head in the Sup. lateral Quadrant
3) Skinner angle is Increased

157
Q

Who is more likely to have Genu Varum/Valgus?

A

[Bow-Legs]
- Japanese
- Vitamin D deficiency kids

158
Q

Characteristics of In-Toeing

A

1) Metatarsus Adducts
2) Inward Tibial Torsion
3) Inward Femoral Torsion/Anteversion

159
Q

MC cause of In-Toeing:

A

Medial Tibial Torsion (excessive inward twisting)

160
Q

Characteristics of Out-Toeing:

A

Internally rotated Ilium
Should correct naturally by 3 y.o.

161
Q

Characteristics of Talipes Equinovarus/Clubfoot

A

1) Plantar Flexion
2) Inversion
3) Adduction & Supination of the Foot

162
Q

MC form of Talipes Equinovarus:

A

Congenital clubfoot

163
Q

What form of Talipes Equinovarus is associated with Spina Bifida

A

Teratologic Clubfoot

164
Q

What form of Talipes Equinovarus is caused by intrauterine positioning?

A

Postural Clubfoot (resolves after birth with stretching)

165
Q

What is Pes. Plants?

A

[Flat feet]
If arches are absent while standing but present while supine, cause is most likely ligament laxity

166
Q

What causes Sever Disease?

A

Chronic strain of Achilles at the attachment at the calcaneal apophysis

167
Q

HIV mom’s should discontinue breastfeeding after _______, and use _________ if possible.

A

6 months; Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

168
Q

MC early cause of poor weight gain in breast-fed infants

A

Poorly managed mammary engorgement (rapidly decreases milk supply)

169
Q

Ideal time to breastfeed after delivery:

A

30-60 minutes (Golden Hour)

170
Q

Factors that contribute to poor weight gaining infants:

A

1) poor technique
2) maternal Dehydration
3) Excessive fatigue

171
Q

Symptoms of mastitis:

A

1) Flu-like
2) Breast Tenderness
3) Firmness
4) Erythema

172
Q

Treatment for Mastitis

A

Antibiotic Therapy covering Beta-Lactamase

173
Q

Solid food should be introduced at how many months old?

A

6

174
Q

How to introduced food into baby’s diet:

A

Single ingredient food one at a time with 3-4 day interval before new food is given

175
Q

When can a baby start drinking cow’s milk?

A

After 1st year of life

176
Q

When are Soy protein formulas used?

A

Lactose intolerance after acute gastroenteritis
- Galactosemia
- Hereditary lactase Deficiency

177
Q

What formulas are affective in infants that cant tolerate cows milk or soy protein?

A

Semielemental & elemental formulas

178
Q

What do formula additives do?

A
  • deliver renal solute load
  • increases density of all nutrients
179
Q

Special formulas are given to infants with:

A
  • hepatic failure
  • pulmonary failure w/ CO2 retention
  • renal failure
180
Q

APGAR Score should be recorded at ____ and ____ months of age.

A

1 and 5

181
Q

What is an indicator of cardiac out put?

A

Skin color

182
Q

Cyanosis & Pallor =

A

Inadequate cardiac output

183
Q

of umbilical cord vessels is:

A

2 arteries and 1 vein

184
Q

What is Cephalohematoma

A

swelling over one or both parietal bones contained within the suture lines

185
Q

What is Caput Succedaneum

A

Edema of the scalp over the presenting part that crosses the suture lines

186
Q

What is a Subgaleal hemorrhage?

A

Beneath scalp are uncommon; causing extensive blood loss into this large potential space -> hypovolemic shock

187
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature fusion of suture causing abnormal cranial shape

188
Q

When is facial nerve palsy most obvious?

A

During crying

189
Q

Pure lent nasal discharge at birth is indicative of:

A

Congenital syphillis “snuffles”

190
Q

Prominent tongue is indicative of:

A

Trisomy 21
Beckwith-Wiiedemann Syndrome

191
Q

Redundant neck skin or webbing with a low posterior hairline is indicative of:

A

Turner syndrome

192
Q

Decreased breath sounds & shift in heart tones is indicative of:

A

Pneumothorax
Space occupying lesion

193
Q

Excessive grunting & decreased air entry is indicative of

A

Hyaline membrane disease

194
Q

2nd MC heart disease in newborns is:

A

Cyanosis & Congestive heart failure

195
Q

Marked scaphoid abdomen plus respiratory distress is indicative of

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

196
Q

A sense in musculature is indicative of

A

Renal abnormalities

197
Q

High pitch cry with or without hypotonia is indicative of:

A

CNS or systemic disease

198
Q

Baby is ready for feeding when:

A

1) Alert
2) no abdominal distension
3) good bowel sounds
4) normal hunger cry

199
Q

Feeding volume increases ____________/day

A

0.5-2 ounces/day on day 3

200
Q

B12 & Zinc should be given to a baby

A

When mom is a vegan with no supplements

201
Q

Advantages of Breastfeeding:

A

1) Immunologic, Antimicrobial & Anti-inflammatory
2) Decrease Respiratory & GI Infection
3) Decreased Eczema & Asthma
4) Improved bonding
5) Improved Neurodevelopment

202
Q

Medical benefits of circumcision:

A

1) Prevent UTI
2) Decrease Penile cancer
3) Decreased STD

203
Q

MC Birth trauma Injury

A

ST Bruising, Fracture & Cervical plexus palsies

204
Q

MC nerve root injured at birth

A

C5-C6 (Erb-Duchenne Palsy)

205
Q

Presentation of Erb-Duchenne Palsy

A
  • Limp Arm
  • Adducted & Internally rotated
  • Extended
  • Pronated
  • Flexed at the wrist
    (Waiter’s tip)
206
Q

Hand is flaccid in injury to ___________

A

C8-T1 (Klumpke Palsy)

207
Q

Spinal cord injuries are more common in…

A

Breech babies

208
Q

Facial nerve palsies are more common in…

A

Forceps & baby’s head against sacrum deliveries

209
Q

2 MC causes of headaches in. Children:

A

1) Migraine
2) Tension-Tyoe Headaches

210
Q

Triggers for childhood headaches to begin:

A

1) Stress
2) Sleep deprivation
3) Dehydration
4) Skipped meals
5) Caffeine
6) Specific foods (mono sodium glutamate or nitrites)

211
Q

What may be a precursor to early manifestation of migraines?

A

Infantile Colic

212
Q

Secondary causes of headaches:

A

1) Trauma
2) Infectioin
3) Vascular/Hematologic
4) Intracranial pressure changes
5) Metabolic or Structural
6) Toxic or Medications

213
Q

headaches that worsen when lying down or vomiting without nausea are a concern for:

A

Increased Intracranial Hypertension such as IIH, Sinus venous clot, Hydrocephalus, or Mass

214
Q

Headaches that improve with laying down are called _________________ and are cause by ________________.

A

Low pressure headaches; tear in the dura from a preceding LP or spontaneous leak.

215
Q

Activities related by parents at age of 1-2 months:

A
  • Recognize parents
  • engages in focalization’s
  • smiles spontaneously
216
Q

Activities related by parents at age of 3-5 months:

A
  • Laughs
  • anticipate food on sight
  • turns from back to side
217
Q

Activities related by parents at age of 6-8 months:

A
  • rolls from back to stomach
  • inhibited by the word “NO”
  • double their birth weight
218
Q

Activities related by parents at age of 9-11 months:

A
  • walks by supporting themselves on furniture
  • follows 1 step commands
219
Q

Activities related by parents at age of 12 months:;

A
  • points to desired objects
  • says 1 or 2 other words
  • triple their birth weight
220
Q

The first 2 years of life are classified as _______________ development.

A

Sensory Motor

OBGYN & Pediatrics (3 decks)

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