Exam 2 Flashcards
double helix
DNA
hydrogen-bonded base pairs occur where?
on the inside of DNA
This is on the outside of a DNA molecule.
Phosphodiester backbone
where different people’s genomes vary
1 nucleotide change (A-C or G-T)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
cut DNA at specific sites
Restriction enzymes
Cut DNA backbone phosphodiester bonds
restriction enzymes
recognition sites are usually these
palindromes
Reads the same 5’ –> 3’ on the top strand and the bottom strand
palindrome
*cut DNA w/restriction enzymes and look at the length of the resulting fragments
*different lengths mean different polymorphisms
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)
*polysaccharide polymer
*seaweed extract
*forms meshwork with holes
Agarose Gel
- the loading dye includes glycerol, which is thick and heavy
- the loading dye weighs down the DNA sample, so it falls to the bottom of the well instead of floating away
Rules of Loading Dye
*DNA is negatively charged, so it moves toward the positive cathode
*molecules driven through gel by a voltage
how the agarose gel show DNA
to visualize the DNA bands in the gel, what get added?
Ethidium Bromide
what is excited by UV radiation and emits color that we can see?
Ethidium Bromide
what is the abbreviation for ethidium bromide
EtBr
