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Nursing 104 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Education Trends-

A

Shifts in conditions and concerns that emerge from and influence various aspects of society; broad changes in the US and the world that influence the education and practice of nurses & providers

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2
Q

What are some examples of the use of technology in the nursing practice?

A

Smart phones access information quickly
Learn to select valid & reliable sources
Acquire competencies required for information-intensive nursing practice
Use of computerized testing in Nursing Schools prepare the student for NCLEX testing
Technology Integration is part of UL Lafayette BSN Program & Student Learning Outcomes

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3
Q

Competency Outcomes-

A

The results, or end products of planned study and experience that are focused on specific abilities required for practice

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4
Q

Contemporary issues-

A

The problems, changes, and concerns that are current for the present time

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5
Q

Core Competencies-

A

The essential cluster of abilities and skills required for competent nursing practice

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6
Q

Educational Mobility-

A

The progressive movement from one type or level of education to another. Often based on flexible, self-directed, or advanced placement options

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7
Q

Performance examinations-

A

Standardized evaluation based on objective demonstration of specific required competencies. Used in written tests, and even actual or simulated situations

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8
Q

What are some of the benefits of technology in the nursing world?

A

Websites allow for rapid access to online and printed material.
Nursing educators are using TED talks for class discussions
IT IS IMPORTANT now nurses have to be able to understand genetics, genomics, digital diagnostics, electronic health records, etc
Phones and other mobile devices are efficient in helping with patient care

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9
Q

What are the 3 things you need for patient-centered care?

A

Engagement
Patient is a member of the health care team
Shift from “giving care” to “working with” the patient

Safety
number of serious medical errors
Consequences include illness, deaths and lawsuits
Competency-based nursing education
Preventive care is emphasized

Privacy
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) 2002 Law

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10
Q

Is the elderly population a concern for the nursing practice?

A

Yes because there are more elderly people than the younger generation. This is a need for growth in healthcare

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11
Q

The minority segment of the US is growing rapidly and expected to be majority-minority by 2044 with the number of ethnic diversities and illegal immigrants. Why could this be a problem for the nursing system?

A

The diversity is often unwanted and leads to disrespect, abuse, and conflicts.
Health care providers need to learn about different cultural values and health practices and use them
Educators need to teach and incorporate tolerance and understanding of cultural diversity

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12
Q

What are some sociodemographic, cultural diversity, economic and political changes?

A

*Aging population is living longer
*The number of diverse ethnic minorities is increasing– illegal immigration
*Number of families who are uninsured, jobless, or homeless is increasing
*Domestic abuse of women, and children in homes, schools, and even public places is increasing
*Substance abuse ( college students and young adults)
*Suicide is at an all time high
*Obesity
*Nontraditional Families (lesbian, gay, bi, etc)
*The use of cellphones or mobile devices
*cultural/religious differences

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13
Q

With the substance abuse in the US rising, what can be results of behavior from this?

A

The increase in stress and anxiety often triggers:
* Violence
*Mental Health and economic problems

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14
Q

Suicide is the 8th leading cause of death in only young age groups, but is the 2nd leading cause of death in ages 10-34 years old. TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE
Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in ALL age groups

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15
Q

Why is obesity a concern for the health care world? and how can we fix this?

A

It leads to the most prevalent health problems
Strain health care facilities
Strain financial resources
We can fix this by health care providers teaching prevention of obesity and its consequences in school. Teach people how to change their dietary habits

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16
Q

Sam and Ben go to a new doctor because their old one retired. When they get there they get some mean feedback from this new doctor. How can this be a problem?

A

Nurses must learn to respect and provide essential care regardless of differences

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17
Q

What is one of the most significant issues for nursing students with the difference of societal and religious norms?

A

Learning to distinguish the different beliefs, values, and expectations and how they react to illness, treatment, caregivers, etc
This is why we as nursing students need to take things like sociology, psychology, ethics, etc

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18
Q

What are the 4 competency domains changed in nursing education?

A

values/ethics for professional practice
roles/responsibilities
interprofessional communication
teams/teamwork

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19
Q

The International Council of Nurses

A

ICN
Provides many opportunities for students to network and learn from each other

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20
Q

The 2002 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

A

HIPAA
Mandates protection of an individuals privacy by health care providers and throughout society and has changed many previously carless and harmful practices

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21
Q

What approach do nursing students need to change when handling patients and their concerns?

A

The economics and politics of health care and access to comprehensive info via the internet has promoted more consumer activism
Patients use the internet to become more informed about whats happening to them
Student nurses need to change their approach from “giving patient care” to “working with the patient and family”

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22
Q

An increasing concern for nursing is the increasing number of serious medical errors. What are results from this?

A

Led to astonishing number of deaths
An increased number of expensive lawsuits
^These further raise the cost of healthcare and the belief in quality of available healthcare

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23
Q

Medicare will pay for incidents or injuries that are caused from the incompetency of a nurse. True or False

A

False
Medicare will not pay for preventable injuries or deaths

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24
Q

Why are criminal background checks required for all students?

A

Criminal acts and substance abuse have become more common is hospital work settings which is threatening the safety of the patients

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25
Q

How has the nursing education better prepared for attacks like 9/11?

A

Many nursing programs have added courses or even entire programs for studying
*First responders
*Emergency Nursing
*Flight Nursing
ANA and American Red Cross have provided education for nurses interested in disaster preparedness

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26
Q

What are some of the most controversial issues relating ethics and bioethical concerns in nursing?

A

*Abortion
*Organ Transplant
*Stem Cell research
*Sexual Partners
*Patients right to a dignified death

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27
Q

Why is Nursing the most trusted profession?

A

The code of ethics for nursing provides 9 provisions that outline the “ethical values, obligations, duties, and professional ideas of nurses individually and collectively”
We have the highest level of honesty and ethics

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28
Q

What are some problems associated with the nursing shortage?

A

*aging boomer population
*shortage and uneven distribution of physicians
*Accelerated rate of nurses retiring
*Uncertainty of healthcare reform

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29
Q

Nurses with associate degrees now exceeds the amount of nurses with baccalaureate degrees. True or False

A

False other way around

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30
Q

What do nursing students need to do to do gain essential core competencies?

A

Learn to take more individual responsibility and initiative
Because some may be assigned to diverse community settings that are low staffed

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31
Q

What is one of the main problems that result in a low staff?

A

Not enough teachers

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32
Q

What is the nursing population now dealing with associated with time?

A

Nurses personal lives are getting in the way of their work. They have increased responsibilities like children

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33
Q

What increases the need for nurses to document continuing competence for initial licensure, relicensure, and recertification?

A

Complexities in practice, emphasis on reducing errors, and growing consumer activism

So that nurses can stay on top of their game

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34
Q

What is the licensure compact?
What is the APRN compact?

A

Allows other nurses to practice in other nurse licensure compacts without the need to obtain an additional license
It allows nurses to hold a multistate license

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35
Q

What are the professional skills nurses should learn?

A

Learn to think critically, reflectively, ethically, and compassionately

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36
Q

What is a holistic review and what is the need for one?

A

An admission strategy that access an applicants unique experiences alongside traditional measures (grades and test scores) it is needed for universities to view the person as a whole

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37
Q

Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse-

A

Prepares for LVN or LPN license
The shortest amount of time in can take to get a nursing license
9-12 months
Basic technical bedside care
NCLEX-PN must be taken

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38
Q

Diploma program-

A

Prepares for RN license
The most traditional program modeled from Nightingales program
2-3 years
Basic RN positions, hospitals and agency care
NCLEX taken

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39
Q

Associate degree-

A

ADN
Emerged in 1950s
Community and junior colleges
*A “first” in nursing – now possible for all RNs to be educated in college setting
Length ~2 years
Basic technical care in RN position
NCLEX-RN licensing exam

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40
Q

Bachelor Degree-

A

BSN
Baccalaureate = Bachelor’s Degree
4 year degree program
Basic professional practice as RN
Include courses such as research, leadership, management, and statistics
First BSN program at Yale University in 1924
BSN degree usually required for admission to graduate programs
NCLEX-RN

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41
Q

Masters degree-

A

MSN
More qualified than a BSN because of health care complexity
1-2 years after BSN degree
Advanced clinical practice, management, education, leadership positions
Different areas of specialty
Nursing Education
Health Care Administration
Advanced Nurse Practioner’s
Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL)

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42
Q

Doctoral Degree- PhD

A

doctor of philosophy – research

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43
Q

Clinical Nurse Leader

A

Master’s prepared generalist clinician
Not APRN [Advanced Practice Registered Nurse]
Oversees the care coordination of a distinct group of patients, evaluates outcomes, and has the decision – making authority to change care plans when necessary
Expertise in quality improvement and cost-effective resource utilization

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44
Q

Doctoral Degree- DNS

A

doctor of nursing science – advance clinical nursing practice

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45
Q

Doctoral Degree- DNP

A

doctor of nursing practice – advanced nurse practitioners
Clinically Equivelent to the PhD degree

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46
Q

What has prompted more schools to offer flexible mobility programs?

A

The escalating nurse shortage and aging of the current nurse workforce

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47
Q

What are some examples of distant learning programs?

A

Excelsior College: previously known as the New York Regents College
University of Phoenix Online

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48
Q

Flexible Education Mobility & Distance Learning Programs-

A

Accelerated, fast- track, or second degree programs designed for non-nurses with other degrees – most rapidly growing programs

Some programs reaching out to underrepresented groups such as men and minorities

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49
Q

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN] & other organizations strongly support the BSN as the “entry into practice” & the professionalization of nursing. True or False

A

TRUE

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50
Q

What are the steps to the scientific theory? Explain them

A

Hypothesis- Ask a question that is to be the main focus. It usually includes independent and dependent variables
Method- Decide what data will be collected to answer the question. Make a Step by step procedure to collect data. HAS TO be able to replicate
Data Collection- Implement the step by step procedure to answer the question
Results- On the conclusion of the data collection, statistically identify the outcomes. Establish parameters to determine if the data is relevant
Evaluation- Examines the results to determine the relevance of outcome data in answering the hypothesis

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51
Q

How were early nurses (monastaries) identified?

A

Habits they wore

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52
Q

How were nurses identified in the crusades?

A

Large Maltese cross

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53
Q

How are nurses identified today?

A

A pin

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54
Q

What is a white coat ceremony?

A

Recite an oath, cloaking of students in white coat, an address of an eminent role model, and a reception

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55
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Nursing Licensure?

A

Protection of the Public

56
Q

1896– Licensure of Nurses

A

Attempts made to license Nurses in the US failed due to lack of broad-based support

57
Q

1901—Licensure of Nurses

A

International council of nurses passed a resolution that each nation and state, examine and license its nurses
The ICN passed this resolution

58
Q

1903–Licensure of Nurses

A

Four states instituted permissive licensure, and nurses were not required to comply
North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia

59
Q

1915–Licensure for Nurses

A

Due to Variability among states’ licensure requirements, ANA designed “model nurse practice acts”

60
Q

1923–Licensure for Nurses

A

All states had instituted examinations for permissive licensure

61
Q

1947–Licensure for Nurses

A

*Mandatory licensure
*American Nurses Association (ANA) formed the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)

62
Q

The National Council of State Boards of Nursing-

A

NCSBN
Composed of a representative of each state and jurisdiction , the council advocated a standarized examination for licensure

63
Q

1950–Licensure for Nurses

A

*Standardized examination for licensure
*National League for Nursing (NLN) administered the first STATE BOARD TEST POOL EXAMINATION

64
Q

1982–Licensure for Nurses

A

National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) was made

65
Q

1994–Licensure for Nurses

A

Paper & Pencil test replaced by computerized adaptive testing (CAT)

66
Q

What are the components of Nurse Practice Acts and who makes them?

A

Each state develops rules and regulations–laws–to govern the practice of nursing within that state which are passed and written by the legislator
The American Nurse Association (ANA) and later the NCSBN provide a template for nurse practice acts

67
Q

What is the purpose of the Nurse Practice Acts? (2)

A

All include 2 essential purposes
1. Each state has statements referring to protecting the health and safety of citizens in the jurisdiction. It describes the qualifications for those individuals covered by the regulations
2. Protect the title of the RN
*it cant just be given to anyone you have to meet the requirements to practice nursing

68
Q

Why is it important to know the definition of nursing practice?

A

Every state has different ways of describing the nursing process and each has its own laws. Frequently, nurses are asked to do things beyond the legal definition of nursing

69
Q

All you have to do to is graduate high school to enter the nursing practice or licensure. True or False

A

FALSE
you have to graduate highschool and your nursing program

70
Q

How do they verify that you graduated your nursing program?

A

You have to submit a transcript of coursework, diploma, or a letter from the dean of the program. Some jurisdictions conduct a review of the mental and physical health of the applicant
Some do criminal back ground checks
Some require declaration of misdemeanors

71
Q

How can you get your nursing license? in steps

A
  1. Graduate both high school and your nursing program
  2. Pass all of the background checks, drug test, etc
  3. Pass your NCLEX-RN
72
Q

What does a nurse apply to to obtain a license to practice in another state? and what are the requirements?

A

Licensure by endorsement
Submitting a letter to second state board of nursing, proof of current license, any restrictions imposed from the 1st state

73
Q

Practice licensures and Advanced Practice Nurse Licensures are the same. True or False

A

FALSE
APNL require different requirements from each state.

74
Q

How long is a nursing license valid?

A

generally 2-3 years

75
Q

Why do nurses need to have a continuing education?

A

All nurses are required to maintain continued competency because medical care changes everyday

76
Q

Who was the first state to institute mandatory continuing education?

A

California

77
Q

Who makes the decision of who is on the Board of Nursing?

A

Usually the Governors office

78
Q

What are the duties for the Board of Nursing?

A
  • Administer the states nurse practice act
    *Renew and grant nursing licenses
    *Take disciplinary action when provisions of the act are violated
79
Q

Describe the Louisiana State Board of Nursing (LSBN)

A

Located in BR
Every 2 years renew. Renewal season begins every year on Oct. 1

80
Q

What are some special cases for licensure?

A

Military or government nurses
Internationally educated nurses (IENs)
International practice

81
Q

What is the global code?

A

An effort to promote ethical principles in the recruitment of international health personnel, with a focus on minimizing recruitment from countries experiencing critical shortages

82
Q

What are Sunset laws?

A

intended to ensure legislation is current and reflects the needs of the public.
They keep the nurse practice acts updated and the definition of nursing

83
Q

What is the NLC

A

Nurse License Compact
One license for multiple states but only in compact states
The new thing like this is called the eNLC or enhanced NLC

84
Q

Whats the difference between licensure and certification? Who grants each?

A

Licensure- Minimal levels of practice, granted and governed by legislation, administered through state boards of nursing
Certification- Excellence in practice, awarded by nongovernmental agencies

85
Q

How was the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC, 2021) created?

A

The ANA convened a national study group in Wisconsin to explore certification. The report of the group recommended the formation of central organization of certification of nurses

86
Q

What does mean when saying science is dynamic and static?

A

Dynamic- Figuring out how a phenomenon happens
Static- Describing how it happens

87
Q

For a proposed theory to be accepted what 6 criteria must it follow?

A
  1. Inclusiveness- Does the theory include all concepts related to the area of interest
  2. Consistency- Can the theory address new entities without having its founding assumptions change
  3. Accuracy- Does the theory describe retrospective occurrences? does it maintain its capacity to predict future outcomes?
  4. Relevance- Does the theory relate to the scientific foundation from which is derived?
  5. Fruitfulness- Does the theory generate new directions for future research?
  6. Simplicity- Does the theory provide a road map for replication?
88
Q

Concept-

A

An idea or general impression

89
Q

Conceptual Model-

A

A group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme

90
Q

Philosophy-

A

Values and beliefs of the discipline

91
Q

Theory-

A

Organization of concepts that show relationship of ideas

92
Q

Propositions-

A

statements that propose the relationship between and among concepts

93
Q

What is the Nursing Theory?

A

Guides nursing practice and generates knowledge
Describes or explains nursing
Enables nurses to know WHY they are going what they are doing

94
Q

Who was the 1st nursing theorist?

A

Florence Nightingale
Foundation for health promotion and guidance for the practice of professional nursing
Theory of Practice- Environmental Adaptation Theory

95
Q

What are the “canons” or standards for the environment according to the environmental theory?

A

Ventilation and warming
Noise
Variety
Diet
Light
Chattering hopes and advice
Cleanliness
Pg. 84

96
Q

Theory of Caring

A

Jean Watson
Caring among nurse, envioronment, and client is essential to healing

97
Q

Self-Care Deficit Model

A

Dorothea Orem
Goal- To restore the clients self-care capability
Purposeful Nursing Intervention-
*Facilitates client self-care by measuring the clients deficit relative to self-care needs
*Implements appropriate measures to assist the client in meeting these needs by matching them to the appropriate supportive intervention

98
Q

Who was Patricia Benner?

A

She created the stages of clinical competence
–It was one of the most useful frameworks for assessing nurses’ needs at different stages of professional growth.
–It says that expert nurses should develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a proper educational background as well as a multitude of experiences

99
Q

What are the five levels of nursing experience in Clinical Nursing Practice?

A

Novice-Advanced Beginner-Competent-Proficient-Expert

100
Q

What are some health expectations for the twenty-first century?

A

Primary focus: federal and state legislatives agendas
Major concerns:
*uninsured population, patient safety, nursing shortage, rising health care costs, technology, confidentiality issues, and advanced practice nursing

101
Q

What are some of the expectations for the future of nursing theorists and theories?

A

The theories that are already established will be re-evaluated and modified to answer important health care questions
Like:
*Genetics
*decreasing energy sources, environmental hazards, new diseases, and antibiotic-resistant illness

102
Q

Nursing Theory-

A

Provides the direction for nursing practice and research

103
Q

Nursing Research-

A

Systematic approach used to examine phenomena important to nurses and nursing

104
Q

What do the results help with of nursing research?

A

*Provide foundation for practice decisions and behaviors
*Create strong scientific base for nursing
*Evidence based change in nursing care

105
Q

What war was Florence Nightingale involved in?

A

Crimean War

106
Q

What was the research focus from 1900-1940?

A

*Nursing education
*Student characteristics
*Student satisfaction

107
Q

What was the research focus from 1950-1970?

A
  • Teaching
  • Administration
    *Curriculum issues
108
Q

What was the research focus from the 1980s?

A
  • More qualified researchers
    *Widespread availability of computers for data collection and analysis
    *Qualitative Studies
109
Q

What was the research focus in the 1990s?

A

*Health care reform
*Health care delivery issues such as cost, quality, and access

110
Q

What is the research focus of the twenty-first century?

A

*Continues Health care delivery issues such as cost, quality, and access
* Evidence base for practice

111
Q

What is Evidence-based Practice?

A

finding, appraising, and using research findings as a basis for making decisions about patient care
*EBP integrates the best scientific evidence(research) with clinical expertise, patient preferences and values

112
Q

What are the benefits of nursing research?

A

*Results provide foundation for practice decisions and behaviors
*Results create strong scientific bas for nursing
*Results provide support for the quality and cost-effectiveness of interventions
*Application of results demonstrates professional accountability to insurers and health care consumers
*Generate knowledgeable in areas that indirectly affect that indirectly affect nursing care process

113
Q

Who provides funding for nursing research?

A

Federal
Private
Nursing organizations

114
Q

Who is the National Institute of Nursing Research?

A

Federally funds) National Institute of nursing Research (NINR) Designed to advance the “science of health”
*Symptom science- promoting personalized health strategies
*Wellness- promoting health and preventing illness
*Self-management- improving quality of life for individuals with chronic illness
*End of life and palliative care- the science of compassion

115
Q

What is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?

A

Federally Funds) AHRQ
*Improve the health care outcomes/ reduce the risk of harm
*Transform research into practice/ promote use of EBP
*Advanced use of information tech for coordinating patient care and conducting quality and outcomes research
*Include priority populations health care needs in their research

116
Q

What are some examples of private funding for research?

A

Robert Wood Johnson foundation
W.K. Kellogg foundation

117
Q

What are examples of nursing organizations funding for research?

A

*Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
*American Nurses Association (ANA)
*Specialty nursing organizations (Ex. Oncology Nurses Society(ONS))

118
Q

EBP encompasses multiple types of evidence:

A

*Research findings
*Research reviews
*EBP theory

119
Q

Research utilization-

A

*A subset of EBP
*The use of research knowledge, often based on a single study in clinical practice

120
Q

What are some barriers to EBP?

A

*Lack of time, competency, knowledge
*Lack of electronic search skills
*Overwhelming patient loads
*Lack of values for research in practice
*Lack of administrative support, incentives, mentors
*Resistance to change

121
Q

How can we overcome barriers to EBP?

A

*Time to critically appraise studies & implement their findings
*Support and encouragement from leadership/administration
*Integrating EBP into health care curricula
*EBP clinical practice policies and procedures
*Journal clubs, EBP rounds, promotion systems

122
Q

What is a PICOT question?

A

P-Population
I-Intervention
C-Comparison intervention or group
O-Outcome
T-Time

123
Q

Schematic Model-

A

Something that demonstrates concepts, usually with a picture

124
Q

Triangulation-

A

The use of various research methods or different data collection

125
Q

Pilot Studies-

A

small-scale studied used to identify the strengths and limitations of a planned large-scale study

126
Q

What are the components of Evidence-Based Practice process? (7 steps)

A
  1. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
  2. Ask a PICOT question
  3. Literature review
  4. Critical appraisal
  5. Integrate best evidence with patient values/preference
  6. Evaluate outcomes
  7. Disseminate the knowledge/outcomes
127
Q

Nursing research role- Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

A

A registered nurse with graduate preparation in a specialized area of nursing practice and an expert clinician with additional responsibility for education and research

128
Q

Nursing research role- Clinical Nurse Researcher (CNR)

A

Focuses on the care of the research participants. have a central role in assuring participants safety, ongoing maintenence of informed consent, integrity of protocol implementation, accuracy of data collection, data recording and follow up

129
Q

What are Nursing research roles?

A

*Clinical Nurse Specialist
*Clinical Nurse Researcher
*Clinical Nurse Leader
*Doctor of Nursing Practice

130
Q

Where is the nearest research university?

A

Edith Garland Dupre Library

131
Q

What is so special about ULs library and research facility?

A

It has an R1 designation
Which means its among the nations top tier of public and private research institution

132
Q

What are some computerized databases that someone can use for EBP?

A

*CINAHL (Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Information system
*MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online)
*National Guideline Clearinghouse
*Evidence-Based Nursing
*Cochrane Collarboration

133
Q

What are the Clinical Practice guidelines as “Standards of Care”?

A

*Evidence based guide to clinical practice developed by experts in a particular field for direct application in clinical environments
*-Gather, appraise, and combine evidence
*-Make explicit recommendations
*-Often define the “standard of care”
*-Important role in guiding heath care practices

134
Q

Why is the Tuskegee Syphilis study unethical?

A

*US public health service
*African American Men
*No treatment for syphilis, even after penicillin discovered

135
Q

What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

A

Human subjects on the committee
*Protect human rights
*need informed consent

136
Q

In the Institutional Review Board, what is a more deep dive into the rules of them?

A

Protection of Human Rights-
*Includes self-determination, privacy, anonymity and confidentiality, fair treatment, and protection from discomfort or harm
Informed Consent Signature
*Explains the study
*Statements about potential risks and benefits
*Protection of anonymity and confidentiality, voluntary participation, compensation, alternative treatment
*The right to refuse to participate or withdrawal from the study

137
Q

Nursing Theorist: Patricia Benner

A

Novice to Expert theory
Novice-Advanced Beginner-Competent-Proficient-Expert

Nursing 104 (5 decks)

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