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Field Natural History > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Descriptive Studies

A
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2
Q

Unique properties of water

A

High heat capacity
Occurs in 3 states
Universal Solvent

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3
Q

High heat capacity

A

can take a lot of heat without changing temperature very much. This is important because it limits the amount of energy needed to maintain body temp

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4
Q

What 3 states do water occur in

A

liquid, solid, gas

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5
Q

universal solvent

A

dissolves more things than any other liquid on the planet. This is important because all nutrients are dissolved in water and carried to cells

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6
Q

Major storage areas of water

A

atmosphere, freshwater lakes and rivers, oceans, ground water

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7
Q

major processes in the water cycle

A

precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, condensation, transpiration

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8
Q

precipitation

A

rain and snow and stuff

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9
Q

evaporation

A

water gets hot, turns to gas

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10
Q

infiltration

A

water soaks into the ground

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11
Q

transpiration

A

water sucked up from the ground by trees and allowed to escape from leaves

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12
Q

water table

A

the line between saturated and unsaturated ground

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13
Q

aquifer

A

an underground water body with good quality water for human use

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14
Q

ultimate source of energy for stream flow

A

the sun (water evaporates, then it rains, then the water eventually ends up in the river)

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15
Q

where does water come from in stream during drought

A

groundwater

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16
Q

watershed

A

an area of land where all water drains to one area

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17
Q

significance of ammonia

A

mainly made of Nitrogen, important nutrients for phytoplankton

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18
Q

significance of phosphorus

A

important nutrients for phytoplanketon

19
Q

significance of fluorescence

A

fluorescence comes from the chlorophyll in plants, high numbers of fluorescence means that there is a lot of phytoplankton in a water body

20
Q

origins of lakes

A

glaciers carving holes in the ground, rifts between tectonic plates, craters (like the blown off top of the volcano in Crater lake), reservoirs

21
Q

typical food chain of lakes and ponds

A

producers (plants/phytoplankton), consumers (zooplankton), secondary consumers (small fish), etc.

22
Q

eutrophic system

A

lots of nutrients in the water! generally look pretty gross, but lots of life are in them

23
Q

oligotrophic systems

A

look very pretty, but there is almost no life in them due to a lack of nutrients

24
Q

problems caused by excess nutrient enrichment

A

algal blooms can completely deplete the oxygen levels of a water body

25
Q

riffle vs pool

A

riffle is shallow fast moving water, pool is deep slow moving water

26
Q

energy and organic matter sources for stream food chains

A

the sun fuels photosynthesis for some phytoplankton or water plants, which fuels the food chain. Other than that, things fall in the water that other things eat

27
Q

why WNC has little energy input from photosynthesis

A

we are in the mountains! the water moves too fast for plants to survive! No plants = no photosynthesis

28
Q

types of photosynthetic organisms in streams

A

Periphyton (attached algae), phytoplankton

29
Q

feeding strategy of grazers/scrapers

A

scrape stuff off of rocks

30
Q

feeding strategy of shredders

A

tear leaves and stuff to eat

31
Q

feeding strategy of collectors

A

eat fine pieces of organic matter

32
Q

feeding strategy of predators

A

eat other things

33
Q

copepods

A

arthropods, copepoda

34
Q

cladocerans

A

arhtropods, branchiopoda

35
Q

mayfly

A

arthropod, insect, adults live only about a day

36
Q

stonefly

A

arthropods, insect, adults have wings, but can’t fly very well

37
Q

caddisfly

A

arthropods, insects, make themselves little houses with silk they make using pieces of leaves or rocks

38
Q

hellgrammite

A

arthropods, insect, female’s pinchers can hurt you while males’ cannot

39
Q

true flies

A

arthropods, insects, can see 360 degrees at once as adults

40
Q

methods for collecting fish

A

minnow trap, fyke net, seine, weire, electrofishing

41
Q

Sucker family fun fact

A

the white sucker’s lips are covered in taste buds

42
Q

sunfish fun fact

A

female bluegills can lay from 10,000 to 60,000 eggs

43
Q

perch and darter fun fact

A

generally don’t have a swim bladder

44
Q

catfish family fun fact

A

have taste receptors all over their bodies

Field Natural History (3 decks)

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