Exam 2

Question 1

Descartes is most accurately described as what?

Answer 1

a rationalist

Question 2

the Confucian idea of ‘li’ translates to what?

Answer 2

courtesy and ceremoniousness

Question 3

empiricism is based on the idea that knowledge is always a product of what?

Answer 3

experience

Question 4

yin and yang are what?

Answer 4

male and female aspects of reality

Question 5

Locke is associated with what?

Answer 5

1. natural rights
2. tabula rasa
3. opposing the divine right of kings

Question 6

the philosophy devoted to the pursuit of pleasure is called what?

Answer 6

hedonism

Question 7

confucianism is an example of what?

Answer 7

collectivism

Question 8

the categorial imperative is a theory designed to help us tell what?

Answer 8

rightness and wrongess

Question 9

identify the phrase associated with socrates

Answer 9

know yourself

Question 10

who insisted on the value of knowledge for its own sake?

Answer 10

Bacon

Question 11

St. Anselm’s ontological argument proves what?

Answer 11

that God exists

Question 12

A priori means what?

Answer 12

to come before

Question 13

Confucius identifies social roles in his theory of what?

Answer 13

the five cardinal relationships

Question 14

Hume is most accurately described as what?

Answer 14

an empiricist

Question 15

Kant uses the word noumena for what?

Answer 15

raw, pure objective reality

Question 16

the naturalist fallacy (or hume’s law) can be summarized by which phrase?

Answer 16

no is from an ought

Question 17

Descartes’ theory is that reality is a fusion of two different substances called what?

Answer 17

dualism

Question 18

epistemology is the study of what?

Answer 18

knowledge

Question 19

aristotle calls this the desirable middle point between two extremes

Answer 19

the Golden Mean

Question 20

which philosopher sees change as the most fundamental aspect of reality?

Answer 20

Heraclitus

Question 21

according to Descartes, reality consists of two completely different things:

Answer 21

mind and body

Question 22

“tabula rasa” literally means what?

Answer 22

a blank state

Question 23

Hume’s theory of ___ is based on the idea that our minds work by combining sensory data with experience

Answer 23

association

Question 24

Kant’s term for subjective reality is what?

Answer 24

phenomena

Question 25

the Taoist principle of “going with the flow” is what?

Answer 25

wu-wei

Question 26

Plato is ___ as Aristotle is to St. Aquinas

Answer 26

St. Anselm

Question 27

Aristotle developed a theory of virtue ethics, unlike Confucius who promoted ___ ethics

Answer 27

role

Question 28

St. Augustine is known best for his response to the problem of what?

Answer 28

evil

Question 29

Epicurus, following the logic of Democritus, reasoned that the gods are made of ___ like everything else, and are therefore not immortal or all-powerful

Answer 29

atoms

Question 30

the ding an sich, or “thing itself” is beyond our subjective perseption, according to who?

Answer 30

Kant

Question 31

the Five Cardinal Relationships

Answer 31

1. ruler to subject
2. parent to child
3. husband and wife
4. elder sibling to younger sibling
5. friend to friend

Question 32

explain why “all bachelors are male” is an example of ‘a priori’ knowledge

Answer 32

b/c it requires no testing, experiences, or sensory experience to prove that it is true