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Research Methods > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Theory

A

States a relationship between concepts

At the level of a general principle

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

Proposing explanation; what causes what

Have to link at least two things (relationship between variables)

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2
Q

Variables

A

Something measurable that stands for a concept

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3
Q

Concept

A

General idea

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4
Q

Independent Variable

A

Something you think will help explain the dependent variable

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5
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The thing you’re trying to explain

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6
Q

Antecedent Variable

A

Happens before anything else

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7
Q

American Voter Model

A

Issue positions

Party identification Vote choice

                               Candidate Evaluations  Campbell, Converse, Miller, Stokes 1960 Most important book written on public opinion and polling/voting  Presidential elections of 1952, 1956
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8
Q

Ecological Fallacy

A

Fallacy of deducing a false relationship between attributes/ behavior of individuals based on observing that relationship for groups to which the individuals belong

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9
Q

Fallacy

A

Logical error

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10
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Individual
Group
Nation State
System

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11
Q

Tautology

A

A hypothesis in which independent and dependent variables are identical making it impossible to disconfirm

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12
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

States there is no relationship between the two things

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13
Q

Causation

A

One thing causes the next

A -> B

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14
Q

Correlation

A

One thing is related to another or multiple things

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15
Q

Directional Hypothesis

A

A hypothesis that specifies the expected relationship between two or more variables

  • positive (direct)
  • negative (inverse)
16
Q

Characteristics of a good Hypothesis

A
  1. Empirical statement: can be tested using scientific process
  2. General: applies to many cases
  3. Plausibility: reason to believe the hypothesis could happen
  4. Specific: hypothesis must contain some type of direction
  5. Correspondence in which it’ll be tested
  6. Testable: reasonable explanation to how you test it
17
Q

Socio-economic Status

A

Included looking at income, education, occupation and religion

  • Protestants voted republican
  • Catholics voted democratic
18
Q

Social Group Model

A

-Lazarsfeld, Berelson & Gaudet 1944 “the people’s choice”
Looked at 1940 Presidential Election
FDR v. Wendell Wilky
-Berelson, Lazarsfeld & McPhee 1954 “voting”
1948 Presidential Election
All authors from sociology field
Looked at three variables (SES, religion, and residence)

19
Q

Retrospective Voting Model

A

Fiorina 1981
People vote by looking into the past
If happy with performance of the part of the incumbent president then you’ll vote for the same party again
If not you’ll vote for the opposing party
People focus on two issues
-economy
-foreign policy

20
Q

Nominal

A

Categories that have no order to them

Ex. Religion

21
Q

Ordinal

A 
There's a particular order to gathering the data 
Ex. Leadership of Obama
A lot
Some what 
Not at all
22
Q

Interval

A

Numeric/ metric; the distance betwe the numbers are the same

23
Q

Ratio

A

Just like interval but there’s a true zero point

24
Q

Levels of Measurement

A

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

25
Q

Research Design

A
  • when using unobtrusive data there is no person interaction
  • experiment research method
  • observational studies
  • document analysis & aggregate data
26
Q

Control

A

The ability to show a difference between when a thing is present and absent

27
Q

Representativeness

A

Generalize findings to a larger population

28
Q

Internal Validity

A

The ability to show that manipulation or variation of the independent variable actually causes the dependent variable to change

29
Q

External Validity

A

The ability to generalize from one set of research findings to other situations

30
Q

Longitudinal

A

Doing research over a long period of time

31
Q

Cross sectional

A

A study now that looks at a wide variety of things; broad

Research Methods (1 decks)

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