Exam 2

Question 1

Protists

Answer 1

All eukaryotes that are not green plants, animals, or fungi; mostly single-celled Eukaryotes.

Question 2

Stramenopila

Answer 2

Structure: Silicon dioxide cell walls; gives glassy appearance
Cellularity: most unicellular
Ex: diatoms, brown algae

Question 3

Alveolata

Answer 3

Structure: cellulose cell wall
Cellularity: unicellular
Ex: Dinoflagellate, paramecium, plasmodium (causes malaria), toxoplasma (rat eat poop, attracted to urine)

Question 4

Rhizaria

Answer 4

Structure: shell of calcium carbonate, no cell wall, move with pseudopodia
Cellularity: unicellular
Ex: Formanifera

Question 5

Excavata

Answer 5

Structure: no mitochondria or vestigal, DNA is nuclear, feeding groove
Cellularity: unicellular
Ex: Euglena, Giardia

Question 6

Amoebozoa

Answer 6

Structure: no cell walls, no chloroplasts, pseudopodia
Cellularity: unicellular, but multi-nucleated
Ex: Amoeba (Chaos), slimemolds

Question 7

Red Algae

Answer 7

Structure: photo pigments absorb blue light, mostly marine
Cellularity: mostly multicellular
Ex: nori (sushi) and gelatin

Question 8

Protists Effects on Humans (7)

Answer 8

Food (nori, gelatin), cleaning products, toothpaste, agarose, control bacterial pop (waste water treatments), primary producers, human disease

Question 9

Green Plants

Answer 9

Green algae and all plants; diverse in size and structure; dominate aquatic environments (marine and freshwater); eutrophication (1. prevents sunlight from penetrating water, 2. Bacteria eat dead algae and use up O2)

Question 10

Why do we care about plants? (8)

Answer 10

Primary producers, providing oxygen, habitat, prevent erosion (stabilize soil), food, increase humidity, medicine, building materials, fuel

Question 11

Green Algae -> Green Plants -> Land Plants

Answer 11

1. Colonies of cells
2. Flagellated
3. Nucleus division
4. Multicellularity specialization

Question 12

Shared Traits (green algae and land plants; embryophytes); 7 points

Answer 12

• chlorophyll a&b (blue->red)
• B-carotene (blue->green); antioxidants absorb free radicals
• thylakoids in chloroplasts
• similar cell walls (lignin)
• flagellated sperm
• peroxisome (breaks down FA)
• synth. starch for storing sugar

Question 13

Land Plant Synapomorphies

Answer 13

1. Absorbing and Transporting resources (vascular tissue, further specialization, b/c differences in H2O/CO2 availability
2. Support body against gravity (Lignin)
3. Prevent Desiccation (cuticle and stomata, production of gametes; gametophyte contains antheridium (sperm), archegonium (eggs), spread gametes in any environment (spores in sporangia)
4. Other (apical and lateral meristems; gametes asymmetrical in size