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COMP POL > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of how politics and economies are related and how their relationship shapes the balance between freedom and equality.

A

political economy

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2
Q

goods provided or secured by the state that are available for society and indivisible

A

public goods

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3
Q

People act for good of the collective; may hurt individually but beneficial collectively

A

logic of collective action

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4
Q

An institution that controls how much money is flowing through the economy as well as how much it costs to borrow money

A

central bank

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5
Q

an increase in the overall prices in the economy when demand outstrips supply

A

inflation

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6
Q

a period of falling prices and values for goods, services, investments and wages

A

deflation

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7
Q

roles or orders that set the boundaries of a given procedure

A

regulations

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8
Q

taxes on imported goods

A

tariffs

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9
Q

: policies and regulations used to limit imports through methods other than taxation

A

nontariff barriers

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10
Q

the actual relationship between political and economic institutions in a society and the policies and outcomes they want to create- ability to enforce contracts

A

political economic systems

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11
Q

very limited state involvement in the economy (securing property right); Adam Smith

A

liberalism

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12
Q

private property and market forces, but more cautious than liberalism. Concerned about high inequality; Eduard Bernstein

A

social democracy

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13
Q

private property and markets a dorm of power that inevitably leads to one person or group gaining control over others; Karl Marx

A

communism

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14
Q

national economic power paramount, and domestic economy is an instrument to generate power; Friedrich List (Singapore a current example)

A

mercantilism

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15
Q

he total market value of all goods and services produces by a country over a period of one year

A

Gross Domestic Product

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16
Q

GDP divided by population

A

GDP per capita

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17
Q

estimates the buying power of income in each country by comparing similar costs, such as food and housing, but using US prices as benchmark

A

Purchasing Power Parity

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18
Q

measures the amount of economic inequality in a society

A

Gini Index

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19
Q

index accounting for income, health, and education

A

Human Development Index

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20
Q

stop buying goods from rich countries, create on own

A

import substitution

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21
Q

the notion that resources flow from a “periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a “core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former

A

Dependency Theory

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22
Q

a set of 10 economic policy prescriptions considered to constitute the “standard” reform package promoted for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington, D.C.–based institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and the US Treasury Department

A

Washington Consensus

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23
Q

a system in which a state extends its power to directly control territory, resources, and people beyond its borders

A

imperialism

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24
Q

an imperialist system of physically occupying a foreign territory using military force, business, or settlers

A

colonialism

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25
Q

theory of development in which the existence of natural resources in a given state is a barrier to modernization and democracy

A

resource curse

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26
Q

the rules of the game in a society; an organization or activity that is self-perpetuating and valued for its own sake.

A

institutions

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27
Q

institutions that are formally codified in official documents such as constitutions or laws

A

formal institutions

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28
Q

how govt is to function; eliminates uncertainty

A

operating manuals

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29
Q

constitutions as advertisements; seek to provide info to potential investors; signal intention of leaders

A

billboards

30
Q

aspirations; not always feasible

A

blueprints

31
Q

sometimes not an accurate signal of policy, work of fiction

A

window dressing

32
Q

the extent to which a court is able to make decisions free of influence from other political actors, and to pursue its goals w/o having to worry about consequences from other institutions

A

judicial independence

33
Q

courts able to enforce contracts w/o govt interference

A

contract enforcement

34
Q

authority to determine actions by regulatory agencies or rulings by lower courts consistent or inconsistent w/ existing law

A

statutory judicial review

35
Q

empowered to rule on constitutionality of legislation itself

A

constitutional judicial review

36
Q

institutions that are not formally codified in official documents

A

informal institutions

37
Q

protective relationship of mutual benefit between a person or persons occupying a higher place of social hierarchy (patron) and a following concerned w/ protection and acquisition of certain advantages (clients)

A

clientalism

38
Q

using political power for personal gain

A

corruption

39
Q

the use of violence as a means of making threats

A

putsch threat

40
Q

actions carried out by actors from civil society that are illegal but not based on violence or threats.

A

civil disobedience

41
Q

an established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting. The way it has always been

A

custom law

42
Q

create institutions to behave in ways that alter the substantive effects of formal rules, but w/o directly violating them

A

accomodating

43
Q

coexist w/ effective formal institutions

A

complementary

44
Q

formal rules and procedures are not systematically enforced, allowing actors to ignore or violate them

A

competing

45
Q

employed by actors who seek outcomes compatible w/ formal rules and procedures

A

substitutive

46
Q

specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others

A

ethnicity

47
Q

a sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations

A

national identity

48
Q

a pride in one’s people and the belief in their own sovereign political destiny that is separate from those of others

A

nationalism

49
Q

an individual’s relationship to the state, wherein citizens swear allegiance to the state and the state in return is obligated to provide rights to those citizens

A

citizenship

50
Q

description of one’s view regarding the speed and method with which political change should take place in a given society

A

political attitudes

51
Q

furthest left; support revolutionary change of existing political and economic order

A

radicals

52
Q

favor evolutionary change within the system

A

liberals

53
Q

question whether significant change is necessary

A

conservatives

54
Q

seek to restore social and economic institutions

A

reactionaries

55
Q

set of political values held by individuals regarding the fundamental goals of politics.

A

ideology

56
Q

high priority on individual political and economic freedom

A

liberalism

57
Q

rejects idea that personal freedom will ensure prosperity for majority. Only small groups will benefit from inevitable struggle for resources

A

communism

58
Q

strong role for private ownership and market forcers while maintaining emphasis on economic equality

A

social democracy

59
Q

rests on idea that people and groups can be classifies in terms of inferiority and superiority, justifying hierarchy among them

A

fascism

60
Q

rejects position of state altogether. Private property leads to inequality but don’t think state can solve problem

A

anarchism

61
Q

content of the institutions that help define a society

A

culture

62
Q

society’s norms for political activity

A

political culture

63
Q

Created table charting placement of countries based on these values

A

Ronald Inglehart

64
Q

The implementation of democratic institutions (e.g. elections) before securing a legitimate political order based on the rule of law

A

democracy backwards thesis

65
Q

a system in which electors are obliged to vote in elections or attend a polling place on voting day. If they don’t they may be subject to punitive measures

A

compulsory voting

66
Q

equation for calculus of voting

A

V = pB - C + D

67
Q

citizen duty, goodwill feeling, psychological and civic benefit of voting, makes it rational

A

d term

68
Q

violence outside state control that is politically motivated

A

political violence

69
Q

uprising of the masses to seize control of the state and depose the old regime

A

revolution

70
Q

revolutions less a function of specific conditions than of the gap between actual conditions and public expectations

A

relative deprivation model

71
Q

the use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians to achieve a political goal

A

terrorism

72
Q

crimes against members of religious, racial, or ethnic groups because of their membership, rather than their characteristics or actions as individuals

A

hate crimes

COMP POL (4 decks)

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