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Genetics 332 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoacyl (A) site

A

Where tRNA comes into ribosome and binds to mRNA

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2
Q

Peptidyl (P) site

A

Transfers AAs from tRNA in P site to AA in tRNA in A site

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3
Q

What is the function of mRNA in translation

A

Translated into protein

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4
Q

What is the function of rRNA in translation

A

Part of the ribosome

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5
Q

What is the function of tRNA in translation

A

Links the mRNA codon to a specific AA

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6
Q

What is the start codon

A

AUG (also codes for Methionine)

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7
Q

What are the 3 stop codons

A
  • UAA
  • UAG
  • UGA
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8
Q

What role does Drosha play in miRNA processing?

A

Binds to base of hairpin loop and cleaves it

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9
Q

What role does Dicer play in miRNA processing?

A

Removes loop in hairpin

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10
Q

What role does the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) play in miRNA processing?

A

RISC binds to duplex and captures miRNA while degrading miRNA* strand

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11
Q

What happens to a gene when it is highly methylated?

A

The gene winds/ coils up and there is a decrease in histone acetylation and a decrease in gene expression.

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12
Q

What happens to a gene when it becomes un-methylated?

A

The gene unwinds and there is a increase in histone acetylation and an increase in gene expression

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13
Q

What causes changes to an individual’s epigenome?

A

The environment (especially in early life)

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14
Q

What is a SNP chip?

A

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: An assay that allows you to genotype thousands of SNPs simultaneously

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15
Q

What is the first step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

A

Remove nucleus from egg cell

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16
Q

What is the second step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

A

Insert somatic cell nucleus into enucleated egg cell

17
Q

What is the third step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

A

Stimulate embryo cell division

18
Q

What is the fourth step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?

A

Implant embryo into surrogate female

19
Q

How efficient is cloning by SCNT after a cloned embryo has been selected?

A

5-15%

20
Q

What is the only biopharmaceutical product from a transgenic animal approved in the USA and Europe?

A

Antithrombin Agent

21
Q

The Cas9-CRISPR system exists in bacterial cells. What is its function in bacterial cells?

A

Acts a a bacterial cells’s immune system

22
Q

What has the AquaBounty Advantage Salmon been genetically modified to do?

A

Increase feed efficiency (The salmon grows twice as fast)

Genetics 332 (4 decks)

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