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Immunology > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Each B cell expresses either kappa or lambda light chains. T or F?

A

True

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2
Q

There are functional differences between kappa and lambda light chains. T or F?

A

False

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3
Q

Does having two types of light chains increase or decrease the level of antibody diversity?

A

Increase

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4
Q

What does RSS stand for?

A

Recombination signal sequence

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5
Q

What is a palindrome?

A

When the sequence is the same read forwards and backwards.

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6
Q

Helper proteins for B cells?

A

IgAlpha and IgBeta

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7
Q

Helper protein for T cells?

A

Several alterations of CD3

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8
Q

What is occurring in Somatic Hypermutation?

A

C is being converted to U by AID and then converted back into a A,G,T, or C.

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9
Q

What does AID stand for?

A

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase

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10
Q

Which antibody is found mostly in the gut lumen as a dimer?

A

IgA

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11
Q

Which antibody is the most abundant in bodily fluids?

A

IgG

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12
Q

Which of the IgG antibodies has a very large hinge region and therefore is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage?

A

IgG3

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13
Q

Are T cell receptors or B cell receptors secreted?

A

B cell receptors

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14
Q

What does MHC stand for?

A

Major histocompatibility complex

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15
Q

What is the acronym for human MHC complexes?

A

HLA

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16
Q

Which MHC class is intracellular?

A

Class 1

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17
Q

Which MHC class is extracellular?

A

Class 2

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18
Q

Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens from intracellular or extracellular pathogens? Which MHC class?

A

Intracellular, MHC Class 1

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19
Q

Helper T cells recognize antigens from intracellular or extracellular pathogens? Which MHC class?

A

Extracellular, MHC Class 2

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20
Q

Cytotoxic T cells express which CD proteins on their cell surface?

A

CD8

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21
Q

Helper T cells express which CD proteins on their cell surface?

A

CD4

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22
Q

Does allotype pertain to the HLA protein product or DNA?

A

Protein product

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23
Q

When do B-1 cells arise in development?

A

Early embryonic development

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24
Q

What are “typical” B cells? B-cells or B-2 cells?

A

B-2 cells

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25
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to? Express CD5, lack surface IgD

A

B-1 cells

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26
Q

When do B-2 cells arise in development?

A

After birth

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27
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to? Rearranged heavy chains lack N nucleotides (TdT is not active in the prenatal period)

A

B-1 cells

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28
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to?Polyspecific, low affinity receptors (IgM)

A

B-1 cells

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29
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to? Don’t require T-cell help to be activated

A

B-1 cells

30
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to? Bone marrow stops producing them postnatally

A

B-1 cells

31
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to? Can proliferate and self-renew in secondary lymphoid tissues

A

B-1 cells

32
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to? In rare cases, can cause chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

B-1 cells

33
Q

Which type of B-cell does the following statement apply to? Has a diverse V-region repertoire

A

B-2 cells

34
Q

What is the primary location for B-1 cells?

A

Peritoneal and pleural cavities

35
Q

What is the primary location for B-2 cells?

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

36
Q

Which type of B cell self proliferates and is more likely to cause leukemia?

A

B-1 cells

37
Q

Match the immunoglobulin type to its function. IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, or IgE? Mucosal surfaces, sometimes dimeric.

A

IgA

38
Q

Match the immunoglobulin type to its function. IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, or IgE? First Ig produced in the fetus and in naive B cells, forms pentameters.

A

IgM

39
Q

Match the immunoglobulin type to its function. IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, or IgE? Low levels, important in respiratory tract, expressed early.

A

IgD

40
Q

Match the immunoglobulin type to its function. IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, or IgE? Most abundant in body fluids, general responder, flexible

A

IgG

41
Q

Match the immunoglobulin type to its function. IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, or IgE? Allergic reactions, parasites, interacts with mast cells, eosinophils, basophils

A

IgE

42
Q

Determine whether the statement refers to MHC class I or MHC class II. Binds to peptides from extracellular pathogens.

A

class II

43
Q

Determine whether the statement refers to MHC class I or MHC class II. Antigens are picked up at the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

class I

44
Q

Determine whether the statement refers to MHC class I or MHC class II. When bound to antigen, recognized by cytotoxic T cells

A

class I

45
Q

Determine whether the statement refers to MHC class I or MHC class II. Has a beta2 microglobulin domain.

A

class I

46
Q

Determine whether the statement refers to MHC class I or MHC class II. Can bind longer and more variable peptides.

A

class II

47
Q

Determine whether the statement refers to MHC class I or MHC class II. Are expressed in nearly all cell types.

A

class I

48
Q

MHC molecules that bind “self” peptides.

A

Autologous

49
Q

Combination of all of the HLA alleles on a given chromosome

A

Haplotype

50
Q

Variations in specific HLA proteins produced by genetic alleles.

A

Allotrope

51
Q

MHC molecules bind peptides of unrelated members of the same species.

A

Allogenic

52
Q

CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are also called what?

A

Hypervariable regions

53
Q

Somatic recombination results in what aspect of immunoglobulin diversity?

A

Random combinations of V, J, and D segments

54
Q

Which two immunoglobulin isotopes are produced in naive B cells?

A

IgM and IgD

55
Q

When somatic recombination occurs, random nucleotides can be added between segments, dramatically increasing diversity. What is this process called?

A

Junctional diversity

56
Q

Which of the following is ABSENT from the light chain region?

A

D - diversity

57
Q

Somatic hypermutation in B cells accomplishes which of the following in immunoglobulins?

A

Affinity maturation

58
Q

The enzyme AID substitutes U for the C in the DNA. These U bases can then be removed (by UNG) and the DNA nicked at these sites (by APE1). These steps occur during which process?

A

Isotope/class switching

59
Q

The relatively large and flexible hinge region of IgG provide some advantages, but what major disadvantage?

A

Increases the chance of proteolytic cleavage

60
Q

Calnexin, beta2m, tapasin, calreticulin, and ERp57 all function together to accomplish what in the ER?

A

Load peptides into MHC Class I

61
Q

What do invariant chain and CLIP fragment accomplish?

A

Prevent binding of MHC class II and peptides prematurely

62
Q

Which of the following is considered a “professional” antigen presenting cell that expresses MHC class II?

A

B cell

63
Q

Where does T cell receptor VJD gene rearrangements occur?

A

Thymus

64
Q

Which of the following is true about MHC haplotypes?

A

Haplotypes are inherited within families

65
Q

Which of the following determines if a tissue transplant will be rejected?

A

The HLA type

66
Q

Which of the following is a cell marker characteristic of ONLY B cells that allow B cell progenitors to be discriminated from early T cells or other cell types?

A

CD19

67
Q

When is a developing B cell FIRST considered to be an “immature B cell”?

A

When VJ rearrangements of the light chain is complete

68
Q

Which of the following is an important factor secreted by stromal cells of the bone marrow that stimulates development of B cells?

A

IL-7

69
Q

Which of the following form a surrogate light chain to test the pairing ability of a newly formed u chain?

A

VpreB and y5

70
Q

In a given developing B cell, how many total light chain loci are there, including k and y?

A

4

71
Q

CD3y, CD3E and C chain are all parts of what?

A

T cell receptor complex

Immunology (5 decks)

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