EXAM #2

Question 1

WORKING MEMORY

Answer 1

A limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as thinking, comprehension, reasoning and learning. (Baddeley and Hitch)

Question 2

RECOGNITION MEMORY

Answer 2

Recognition memory is the identification of a stimulus that was encountered earlier. The procedure for measuring recognition memory is to present a stimulus during a study period and later to present the same stimulus along with others that were not presented.

Question 3

AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES

Answer 3

Memory for specific experiences from our life, which can include both episodic and semantic components.

Question 4

PERSONAL SEMANTIC MEMORIES

Answer 4

1 .Associated with Autobiographical memories

2. Associated with personal experiences.

Question 5

semanticization of remote memories

Answer 5

semanticization of remote memories

Question 6

constructive episodic simulation hypothesis

Answer 6

1. Donna Rose Addis , Schacter

2. states that episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct simulations of future event

Question 7

PROCEDURAL MEMORY

Answer 7

SKILL MEMORY- memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills. Ex - tying shoes

Question 8

PRIMING

Answer 8

occurs when the presentation of one stimulus (the priming stimulus) changes the way a person responds to another stimulus (the test stimulus)

Question 9

PROPAGANDA EFFECT

Answer 9

People are more likely to rate statements they have read or heard before as being true, just because of prior exposure to the statements.

Question 10

SELF - REFERENCE EFFFECT

Answer 10

memory of a word becomes better if you relate is to yourself

Question 11

GENERATION EFFECT

Answer 11

Memory for material is better when a person generates the material him- or herself, rather than passively receiving it.

Question 12

CONSOLIDATION

Answer 12

1. Muller and Pilzecker
2. the process that transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

Question 13

SYNAPTIC CONSOLIDATION

Answer 13

1. Happens over a few minutes

2. involves structural changes at synapses

Question 14

SYSTEMS CONSOLIDATION

Answer 14

1. Happens over months or years

2. involves the gradual reorganization of neural circuits within the brain

Question 15

LONG-TERM POTENTIATION

Answer 15

enhanced firing of neurons after repeated stimulation

Question 16

standard model of consolidation

Answer 16

Proposes that memory retrieval depends on the hippocampus during consolidation, but that once consolidation is complete, retrieval no longer depends on the hippocampus.

Question 17

REACTIVATION

Answer 17

1. major consolidation mechanism

2. a process in which the hippocampus replays the neural activity associated with a memory

Question 18

REMINISCENCE BUMP

Answer 18

The enhanced memory for adolescence and young adulthood found in people over 40

Question 19

SELF-IMAGE HYPOTHESIS

Answer 19

Clare Rathbone - reminiscence bump

Question 20

COGNITIVE HYPOTHESIS

Answer 20

1. Happens due to stability

2. Shift in bump

Question 21

CULTURAL LIFE SCRIPT HYPOTHESIS

Answer 21

The idea that events in a person’s life story become easier to recall when they fit the cultural life script for that person’s culture.

Question 22

REPEATED RECALL

Answer 22

The technique of comparing later memories to memories collected immediately after the event

Question 23

pragmatic inference

Answer 23

Inference that occurs when reading or hearing a statement leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the statement.

Question 24

SCRIPT

Answer 24

A script is our conception of the sequence of actions that usually occurs during a particular experience

Question 25

post-identification feedback effect

Answer 25

An increase in confidence of memory recall due to confirming feedback after making an identification, as in a police lineup

Question 26

SPACING EFFECT

Answer 26

The advantage in performance caused by short study sessions separated by breaks from studying.