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Anatomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

These nerves are from the cervical plexus, C3-4, and supply the skin over the clavicle and over the superior-lateral aspect of pectorals major.

A

Supraclavicular nerves

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2
Q

These nerves penetrate deep and superficial back muscles, and supply the skin on either side of midline of back.

A

Cutaneous branches of dorsal rami

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3
Q

The sternoclavicular joint articulates what bones?

A

Sternal end of clavicle; Articular notch on sternum; First costal cartilage

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4
Q

What is the structural type of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Synovial (shallow, saddle; articular disc)

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5
Q

The articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint is made up of what? What does it attach to?

A

Fibrocartilage meniscus; Attaches to clavicle superiorly and manubrium and first costal cartilage inferiorly

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6
Q

What is the functional type of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Diarthrotic (synovial); Triaxial

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7
Q

Name the 3 ligaments involved with the sternoclavicular joint.

A

1) Anterior/Posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
2) Costoclavicular ligament
3) Interclavicular ligament

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8
Q

What do the anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments do?

A

Check anterior/posterior movements of clavicular head

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9
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

Axis for elevation and depression; Axis for protraction and retraction; Main check for elevation

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10
Q

What 2 bones are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromion process on scapula (concave facet) and the Lateral end of clavicle (convex facet)

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11
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular structurally?

A

Synovial; Plane

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12
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular functionally?

A

Triaxial; Diarthrotic; Scapula glides and rotates on clavicle

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13
Q

What are the movements involved in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Scapular rotation; Winging of vertebral border of scapula; Tipping of inferior angle of scapula

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14
Q

Name the 2 ligaments involved in the acromiclavicular joint.

A 
Acromiclavicular ligaments (Superior and inferior) 
Coracoclavicular ligament (consists of Trapezoid (lateral) and Conoid (medial))
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15
Q

What bones are involved with the glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenoid fossa on scapula and head of humerus

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16
Q

What is the structural type of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial; Ball-and-socket

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17
Q

What is the functional type of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Triaxial; Diarthrotic; Flex/Extend; Abduct/Adduct; Circumduction; Lateral/medial rotation

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18
Q

Name the 3 ligaments involved with the glenohumeral joint.

A

Glenohumeral (Superior; Middle; Inferior)
Coracohumeral
Coracoacromial

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19
Q

What is the trapezium muscle innervated by?

A

CN XI and ventral rami of 3rd & 4th cervical nerves

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the upper part of the trapezius?

A

External occipital protuberance, Superior nuchal line and ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of CV 7

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21
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the middle part of the trapezius?

A

Spinous processes of TV 1-6

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22
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the lower part of the trapezius?

A

Spinous process of TV 7-12

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23
Q

What is the distal attachment of the upper part of the trapezius?

A

Lateral third of clavicle

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24
Q

What is the distal attachment of the middle part of the trapezius?

A

Acromion and crest of scapular spine

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25
Q

What is the distal attachment of the lower part of the trapezius?

A

Tubercle of scapular spine

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26
Q

What action does the upper trapezius perform?

A

Elevates scapula (shrugs shoulder)

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27
Q

What action does the middle trapezius perform?

A

Adducts (retracts) scapula

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28
Q

What action does the lower trapezius perform?

A

Depresses scapula

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29
Q

What action do the upper and lower parts of the trapezius perform together?

A

Upward rotation of scapula

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30
Q

What supplies blood to the trapezius?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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31
Q

What innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

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32
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Spines of TV 7-12 and lumbar and sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia; Posterior iliac crest and ribs 9-12

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33
Q

What is the distal attachment for the latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of intertubercular (bicipital) groove

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34
Q

What actions does the latissimus dorsi perform?

A

Extends, adducts, and internally rotates the humerus

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35
Q

What supplies blood to the latissimus doris?

A

Thoracodorsal artery and a branch of the subscapular artery

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36
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae muscle?

A

Cervical nerves C3-5 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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37
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of CV 1-4

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38
Q

What is the distal attachment for the levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of scapula at level of and above the spine

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39
Q

What actions do the levator scapulae perform?

A

Elevates the scapula at the superior (medial) angle and assists in the downward rotation of the scapula

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40
Q

What supplies blood to the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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41
Q

Which muscle is the detached cranial edge of the serratus anterior?

A

Levator scapulae

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42
Q

What innervates the rhomboid muscles (minor and major)?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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43
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid minor muscle?

A

Spines of CV 7 and TV 1 and lower end of ligaments nuchae

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44
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major muscle?

A

Spines of TV 2-4 (sometimes TV 5)

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45
Q

What is the distal attachment for the rhomboid muscles?

A

Medial border of scapula from level of spine inferiorly to the inferior angle (Rhomboid minor is superior to Rhomboid major)

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46
Q

What actions do the rhomboid muscles perform?

A

Adducts scapula; Rotates glenoid fossa downward; Fixes scapula to thoracic wall

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47
Q

What supplies blood to the rhomboid muscles?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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48
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the subclavius muscle?

A

Junction of first rib and costal cartilage 1

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49
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the subclavius muscle?

A

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

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50
Q

What action does the sublcavius perform?

A

Anchors and depresses the clavicle

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51
Q

What innervates the sublcavius muscle?

A

Subclavian nerve (C5, C6 — branch from superior trunk)

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52
Q

What is the innervation for the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; Clavicular head (C5, C6); Sternal head (C7, C8, T1)

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53
Q

What is the origin for the pectoralis major?

A

Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle (clavicular head); Anterior surface of the manubrium and body of the sternum (sternal head); Costal cartilages 2-6 (sternal head); Aponeurosis of the external oblique (sternal head)

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54
Q

What is the insertion for the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove) = crest of greater tubercle

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55
Q

What actions does the pectoralis major perform?

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm (humerus); Flexes arm (clavicular head); Extends arm (sternal head) from flexed position; Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

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56
Q

What innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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57
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages

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58
Q

What is the insertion for the pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process

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59
Q

What is the action performed by the pectoralis minor?

A

Draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall (stabilizes scapula)

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60
Q

These muscles are considered the “scapulohumeral musculature” and attach the scapula to the humerus. They move the humerus at the shoulder joint and contribute to the stabilization of this joint. All innervated by brachial plexus.

A

Deltoid; Teres major; Serratus anterior; SITS (rotator cuff muscles) = Supraspinutus; Infraspinatus; Teres minor; Subscapularis

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61
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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62
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the serratus anterior?

A

External surface of lateral parts of ribs 1-8 (9)

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63
Q

What is the distal attachment of the serratus anterior?

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

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64
Q

What actions does the serratus anterior perform?

A

Protracts scapula; Fixes scapula to thoracic wall; Rotates scapula

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65
Q

What is the blood supply to the serratus anterior?

A

Lateral thoracic artery

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66
Q

What innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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67
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the deltoid?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

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68
Q

What is the distal attachment for the deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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69
Q

What actions does the deltoid perform?

A

Flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates the humerus

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70
Q

What supplies blood to the deltoid?

A

Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery

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71
Q

The deltoid is sometimes divided into 3 sections, these 3 sections are called…

A

Spinodeltoid (posterior on spine of scapula)
Acromiodeltoid (middle on acromion)
Clavodeltoid (anterior on clavicle; also called cleidodeltoid)

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72
Q

What innervates the teres major muscle?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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73
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the teres major?

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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74
Q

What is the distal attachment for the teres major?

A

Medial lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

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75
Q

What actions does the teres major perform?

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus

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76
Q

What supplies blood to the teres major?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

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77
Q

This “joint” is not a true anatomic joint, but it consists of the sliding of scapula on the thoracic cage.

A

Scapulothoracic joint

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78
Q

What is involved with the coracoacromial arch?

A

Acromion process; Coracoid process; Coracoacromial ligament (Arch prevents superior dislocation of the humeral head and protects head of humerus from a downward directed blow)

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79
Q

The “Quadrilateral Space” has what as its boundaries? What is contained within this space?

A

Inferior glenohumeral capsule; Teres major; Triceps longus; Surgical neck of humerus

Contents = Axillary nerve & Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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80
Q

What are the 4 muscles involved with the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus; Infraspinaturs; Teres minor; Subscapularis (SITS)

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81
Q

What innervates the supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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82
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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83
Q

What is the distal attachment for the supraspinatus?

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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84
Q

What action does the supraspinatus perform?

A

Works with deltoid in abduction of humerus; Acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

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85
Q

What supplies blood the supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular artery

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86
Q

What innervates the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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87
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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88
Q

What is the distal attachment for the infraspinatus?

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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89
Q

What actions do the infraspinatus perform?

A

Laterally rotates the humerus; Helps hold humeral head in place; Stabilizes shoulder joint

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90
Q

What supplies blood to the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular artery

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91
Q

What innervates the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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92
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the teres minor?

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula (Superior to teres major)

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93
Q

What is the distal attachment for the teres minor?

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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94
Q

What actions does the teres minor perform?

A

Laterally rotates humerus; Helps hold humeral head in place; Stabilizes shoulder joint

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95
Q

What supplies blood to the teres minor?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

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96
Q

What innervates the subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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97
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula (anterior surface)

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98
Q

What is the distal attachment of the subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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99
Q

What actions does the subscapularis perform?

A

Medially rotates and adducts humerus; Helps hold humeral head in place; Stabilizes shoulder joint

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100
Q

What supplies blood to the subscapularis?

A

Suprascapular artery

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101
Q

Two parallel forces, equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, acting on different points of the body a distance apart from each other can be defined as a ______ _____.

A

Force couple

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102
Q

Give an example of a force couple.

A

Upper trapezius and lower trapezius working together to upwardly rotate the scapula

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103
Q

The glenohumeral joint has a glenoid labrum which consists of a _________ meniscus and it deepens the articulating surface of glenoid fossa.

A

Fibrocartilage

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104
Q

The glenohumeral joint capsule is very (TIGHT/LOOSE) and has up to a(n) (INCH/CM) of passive distraction (i.e., how far head of humerus can be pulled away from glenoid fossa)

A

LOOSE; INCH

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105
Q

In the scapulohumeral rhythm, it refers to the relatively uninterrupted movement of upper extremity from dependent position to full abduction. For full abduction, how many degrees of movement occur?

A

180 degrees

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106
Q

In scapulohumeral rhythm, how many degrees of movement are contributed by the glenohumeral joint and how many by the scapulothoracic movement?

A

120 degrees; 60 degrees

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107
Q

In the 60 degrees contributed by the scapulothoracic movement, 40 degrees is from the ________ joint and 20 degrees is from the _______ joint.

A

Sternoclavicular; Acromioclavicular

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108
Q

Put the following steps in arm abduction in order from first to last:

A. External rotation of humerus (infraspinatus)
B. Snubbing of head of humerus into glenoid fossa (Rotator cuff muscles)
C. Movement (searching) of scapula (serratus anterior clamps scapula to thoracic wall)
D. First few degrees of abduction (supraspinatus)

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
  4. A
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109
Q

How can deltoid paralysis occur?

A

By damaging the axillary nerve

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110
Q

How can serratus anterior paralysis (winging of scapula) occur?

A

By damaging the long thoracic nerve

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111
Q

When there are tears in the rotator cuff, which muscle is most often torn?

A

Supraspinatus

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112
Q

What 3 arteries branch off of the aortic arch?

A

Left subclavian; Left common carotid; Brachiocephalic trunk (which turns into right subclavian & Right common carotid)

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113
Q

The right subclavian artery has 3 “divisions”. Part 1 is ____ the anterior scalene muscle, Part 2 is _____ to the anterior scalene muscle, and Part 3 is ______ to the anterior scalene muscle.

A

Medial; Posterior; Lateral

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114
Q

What are the anastomosing arterial branches involved with the scapula?

A

Suprascapular artery (from thyrocervical trunk)

Dorsal scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical a. from subclavian a.)

Posterior Intercostal arteries (from thoracic aorta)

Circumflex Scapular artery (division of subscapular artery from axillary artery)

Thoracodorsal artery (division of subscapular artery from axillary artery)

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115
Q

The artery that runs along the vertebral border of the scapula is always referred to as the ______ _____ artery.

A

Dorsal scapular

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116
Q

The cephalic vein runs along the (MEDIAL/LATERAL) side of the ante brachium in (SUPERFICIAL/DEEP) fascia, and dumps into the axillary vein.

A

Lateral; Superficial

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117
Q

The basilic vein runs along the (MEDIAL/LATERAL) side of the ante brachium in (SUPERFICIAL/DEEP) fascia.

A

Medial; Deep

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118
Q

What does the basilic vein join with to form the axillary vein?

A

Vena comitantes

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119
Q

The axillary vein is renamed to what after it passes under the clavicle?

A

Subclavian vein

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120
Q

There are ___ brachiocephalic vein(s) and ___ brachiocephalic artery(ies).

A

2; 1

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121
Q

The 2 brachiocephalic veins come together to form what?

A

Superior vena cava

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122
Q

These lymph nodes lie medial to the humerus near axillary artery and vein.

A

Brachial lymph nodes

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123
Q

These lymph nodes lie behind pectoralis minor with lateral thoracic artery and drain the mammary gland.

A

Pectoral lymph nodes

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124
Q

These lymph nodes lie along the lower border of scapula with subscapular artery and drain the back.

A

Subscapular lymph nodes

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125
Q

These lymph nodes are in axillary fat and receive lymph from the brachial, pectoral, and subscapular nodes. It drains to the apical nodes behind the clavicle.

A

Central lymph nodes

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126
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior brachial compartment?

A

Biceps brachii; Corachobrachialis; Brachialis

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127
Q

What action does the biceps brachii perform?

A

Flexes arm and forearm; Main supinator of forearm

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128
Q

What action does the coracobrachialis perform?

A

Flexes arm

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129
Q

What action does the brachialis perform?

A

Flexes forearm

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130
Q

What innervates the anterior brachial compartment?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

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131
Q

What nerves pass through the anterior brachial compartment but do not innervate anything within it?

A

Median nerve and ulnar nerve

132
Q

What vascularizes the anterior brachial compartment?

A

Brachial artery; Basilic vein and venae comatantes

133
Q

This is a two-joint muscle crossing both the glenohumeral and elbow joints.

A

Biceps brachii

134
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the short head of the biceps brachii?

A

Tip of coracoid process

135
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the long head of the biceps brachii?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

136
Q

What is the distal attachment for the biceps brachii?

A

Radial tuberosity

137
Q

This is a single-joint muscle crossing only the glenohumeral joint.

A

Coracobrachialis

138
Q

What nerve pierces the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

139
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the coracobrachialis?

A

Tip of coracoid process

140
Q

What is the distal attachment for the coracobrachialis?

A

Middle third of medial border of humerus

141
Q

This is a single-joint muscle crossing only the elbow joint.

A

Brachialis

142
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the brachialis?

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus and intermuscular septum

143
Q

What is the distal attachment for the brachialis?

A

Tuberosity of coronoid process

144
Q

What muscles are within the posterior brachial compartment?

A

Triceps brachii and anconeus

145
Q

What innervates the posterior brachial compartment?

A

Radial nerve (C7)

146
Q

What is the blood supply for the posterior brachial compartment?

A

Deep brachial artery

147
Q

The lateral and medial heads of this muscle are single-joint muscles that cross only the elbow joint.

A

Triceps brachii

148
Q

The long head of this is muscle is a multijoint muscle crossing both the elbow and shoulder joints.

A

Triceps brachii

149
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the long head of the triceps brachii?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

150
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the lateral head of the triceps brachii?

A

Posterior surface of humerus above the radial groove

151
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the medial head of the triceps brachii?

A

Posterior surface of humerus below the radial groove

152
Q

What is the distal attachment for the triceps brachii?

A

Olecranon process

153
Q

What action does the triceps brachii perform? What extra action does the long head perform?

A

Forearm extension; Long head also extends arm

154
Q

What innervates the triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve (C6-8)

155
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the anconeus muscle?

A

Posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus

156
Q

What is the distal attachment for the anconeus muscle?

A

Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

157
Q

What action does the anconeus muscle perform?

A

Abducts ulna during pronation of forearm and assists triceps during forearm extension

158
Q

What innervates the anconeus?

A

Radial nerve (C7-8, T1)

159
Q

Which brachium cutaneous nerve is from the axillary nerve?

A

Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm

160
Q

Which brachium cutaneous nerves are directly from the medial cord?

A

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

161
Q

Which brachium cutaneous nerve is a termination of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

162
Q

Which brachium cutaneous nerves are from the radial nerve?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm

Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm

163
Q

This nerve supplies the flexor muscles on the radial side of the forearm but does NOT supply muscles in the arm.

A

Median nerve

164
Q

The median nerve travels with the _______ artery. (Lateral to the artery in upper half of brachium, medial to artery in lower half of brachium)

A

Brachial

165
Q

The median nerve crosses the _____ _____ superficially with the brachial artery, however it’s deep to the _______ ________.

A

Cubital fossa; Bicipital aponeurosis

166
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

167
Q

This nerve supplies the flexor muscles on the ulnar side of the forearm. It starts in the anterior brachial compartment.

A

Ulnar nerve

168
Q

This nerve supplies all the extensor muscles of the upper extremity plus the brachioradialis.

A

Radial nerve

169
Q

This muscle thinks it’s an extensor due to its position, however it flexes the elbow.

A

Brachioradialis

170
Q

This nerve descends posterior to the axillary artery, spirals around the posterior surface of the humerus in the radial groove accompanied by the deep brachial artery.

A

Radial nerve

171
Q

Which nerve pierces the intermuscular septum laterally? Which one pierces medially?

A

Radial nerve; Ulnar nerve

172
Q

Which nerve pierces the coracobrachialis in the upper half or third of brachium?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

173
Q

Any supinator/pronator muscle must attach to what bone?

A

Radius

174
Q

This vein is a lateral continuation of the dorsal venous arch.

A

Cephalic vein

175
Q

The cephalic vein is in (SUPERFICIAL/DEEP) fascia and passes through the deltopectoral triangle after piercing the fascia.

A

Superficial

176
Q

This vein is a medial continuation of the dorsal venous arch.

A

Basilic vein

177
Q

The basilic vein is in (SUPERFICIAL/DEEP) fascia then pierces the (SUPERFICIAL/DEEP) fascia and ascends in upper aspect of arm in this fascia.

A

Superficial; Deep

178
Q

This vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins, it extends diagonally across the bicipital aponeurosis.

A

Median cubital vein

179
Q

The median cubital vein receives blood from the _______ _______ vein and drains blood from the _______ hand.

A

Median antebrachial; Palmar

180
Q

These are veins that run parallel to arteries, usually two per artery. Countercurrent heat exchange.

A

Venae comitantes

181
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

TAN = Tendon (biceps tendon); Artery (brachial); Nerve (median)

182
Q

What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa? Medial border?

A

Brachioradialis; Pronator teres

183
Q

What is the superior base of the cubital fossa?

A

Line between two humeral epicondyles

184
Q

What is the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Supinator and brachialis muscles

185
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Skin; superficial fascia; deep fascia; bicipital aponeurosis

186
Q

What are the muscles that are inserted by tendons in the grooves in the radius medially to laterally?

A

Extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus

187
Q

What is the common origin for the anterior compartment muscles of the forearm?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

188
Q

What is the common function of the anterior compartment muscles of the forearm?

A

Wrist and digit flexion

189
Q

What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

190
Q

What are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus (sometimes absent)
Flexor carpi ulnaris

191
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

192
Q

The (MEDIAN/ULNAR) nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis.

A

Median nerve

193
Q

What are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

194
Q

This is the only muscle that can flex the distal IP joints of the fingers.

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

195
Q

The flexor pollicis longus is innervated by the (MEDIAN/ULNAR) nerve.

A

Median nerve

196
Q

What are the 6 superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
Brachioradialis 
Extensor carpi radialis longus  
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum 
Extensor digiti minimi 
Extensor carpi ulnaris
197
Q

What is the common function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Wrist and hand extension

198
Q

What is the common origin of the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

199
Q

ALL muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by what?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve OR posterior interosseous nerve

200
Q

What are the 5 deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
Supinator
Extensor indicis 
Abductor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis brevis
201
Q

What are the “outcropping muscles” of the posterior compartment?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis

202
Q

Paresthesia over the shoulder and the proximal arm and weakness of arm abduction may be indicative of injury to which of the following nerves?

A. Musculocutaneous 
B. Radial
C. Axillary
D. Ulnar
E. Median
A

C. Axillary

203
Q

Nerve supply to the latissimus doors is through which of the following nerves?

A. Lateral pectoral nerve
B. Medial pectoral nerve
C. Long thoracic nerve
D. Spinal accessory nerve
E. Thoracodorsal nerve
A

E. Thoracodorsal nerve

204
Q

Which of the following muscles is not part of the rotator cuff mechanism?

A. Teres major
B. Subcapularis
C. Teres minor
D. Supraspinatus
E. Infraspinatus
A

A. Teres major

205
Q

Which of the following serves as the insertion site of the supraspinatus muscle?

A. Lesser tubercle
B. Inferior facet of the greater tubercle
C. Middle facet of the greater tubercle
D. Superior facet of the greater tubercle
E. Crest of the lesser tubercle

A

D. Superior facet of the greater tubercle

206
Q

Which of the following muscles is most important in rotating the greater tubercle from under the acromion during full arm elevation?

A. Teres minor 
B. Infraspinatus
C. Supraspinatus 
D. Subscapularis 
E. Pectoralis minor
A

B. Infraspinatus

207
Q

Which of the following muscles is necessary for the first few degrees of arm elevation?

A. Infraspinatus
B. Subscapularis 
C. Teres major
D. Teres minor
E. Supraspinatus
A

E. Supraspinatus

208
Q

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for the prevention of “winging” of the scapula?

A. Pectoralis major
B. Pectoralis minor
C. Rhomboideus major
D. Serratus anterior
E. Serratus posterior superior
A

D. Serratus anterior

209
Q

“Winging of the scapula” may be the result of injury to which of the following nerves?

A. Thoracodorsal
B. Axillary
C. Long thoracic
D. Thoracoacromial
E. Suprascapular
A

C. Long thoracic

210
Q

Which of the following arterial branches does NOT come off the third part (distal part) of the axillary artery?

A. Subscapular artery
B. Posterior circumflex humeral
C. Anterior circumflex humeral
D. Superior (supreme) thoracic artery

A

D. Superior (supreme) thoracic artery

211
Q

The circumflex scapular artery is a branch of which of the following?

A. Thyrocervical trunk
B. Costocervical trunk
C. Thoracoacromial trunk
D. Subscapular artery 
E. None of the above
A

D. Subscapular artery

212
Q

Which of the following nerves supplies the anterior brachium?

A. Ulnar nerve
B. Median nerve
C. Radial nerve
D. Musculocutaneous nerve 
E. Axillary nerve
A

D. Musculocutaneous nerve

213
Q

Which of the following muscles is a single-joint muscle and would not be involved in active/passive insufficiency?

A. Long head of the biceps 
B. Short head of the biceps
C. Long head of the triceps
D. Flexor digitorum superficialis 
E. Brachialis
A

E. Brachialis

214
Q

Which of the following muscles attaches to the coracoid process?

A. Short head of the biceps brachii
B. Triceps lateralis 
C. Pectoralis major
D. Long head of the biceps brachii
E. Subclavius
A

A. Short head of biceps brachii

215
Q

Structures that are both medial to the biceps tendon and deep to the bicipital aponeurosis include which of the following?

A. Brachial artery only
B. Median nerve only
C. Median cubital vein only
D. Both the brachial artery and the median nerve

A

D. Both the brachial artery and the median nerve

216
Q

In the arm, the posterior ulnar recurrent artery forms an anastomosis with which of the following?

A. Superior radial collateral 
B. Inferior radial collateral
C. Deep brachial
D. Superior ulnar collateral
E. Inferior ulnar collateral
A

D. Superior ulnar collateral

217
Q

Which of the following represents the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?

A. Brachioradialis muscle
B. Pronator teres muscle
C. Brachialis muscle
D. Biceps tendon
E. Pronator quadratus muscle
A

B. Pronator teres muscle

218
Q

All of the deep extensor muscles of the forearm are innervated by the deep ______ nerve, or the posterior ________ nerve, which the continuation of the same nerve.

A

Radial; Interosseous

219
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the brachioradialis?

A

Proximal 2/3 of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

220
Q

What is the distal attachment for the brachioradialis?

A

Distal radius (proximal to styloid process)

221
Q

What actions does the brachioradialis perform?

A

Flexes forearm when pronated

222
Q

What supplies blood to the brachioradialis?

A

Radial collateral – radial recurrent – radial artery

223
Q

What innervates the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

224
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

225
Q

What is the distal attachment for the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

226
Q

What actions does the extensor carpi radialis longus perform?

A

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

227
Q

What supplies blood to the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial collateral – radial recurrent – recurrent interosseous – posterior interosseous artery

228
Q

What innervates the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve

229
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

230
Q

What is the distal attachment for the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

231
Q

What actions does the extensor carpi radialis brevis perform?

A

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

232
Q

What supplies blood to the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Radial collateral – radial recurrent – recurrent interosseous – posterior interosseous artery

233
Q

What innervates the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

234
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

235
Q

What is the distal attachment for the extensor digitorum?

A

Extensor expansions of medial four fingers

236
Q

What actions does the extensor digitorum perform?

A

Extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and somewhat at interphalangeal joints

237
Q

What supplies blood to the extensor digitorum?

A

Recurrent interosseous – posterior interosseous artery – perforating branch of anterior interosseous artery

238
Q

What innervates the extensor digitorum?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

239
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

240
Q

What is the distal attachment for the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extensor expansion of 5th finger

241
Q

What actions does the extensor digiti minimi perform?

A

Extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and somewhat at interphalangeal joint

242
Q

What supplies blood to the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Recurrent interosseous – posterior interosseous – perforating branch of anterior interosseous artery

243
Q

What innervates the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

244
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

245
Q

What is the distal attachment for the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

246
Q

What actions does the extensor carpi ulnaris perform?

A

Extends and adducts hand at wrist

247
Q

What supplies blood to the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Radial collateral – recurrent interosseous – posterior interosseous artery

248
Q

What innervates the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

249
Q

The deeps muscles of the forearm emerge from between extensor _____ _____ and the extensor ______ muscles.

A

Extensor carpi radialis

Extensor digitorum

250
Q

The supinator muscle unwinds the ______.

A

Radius

251
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the pronator quadratus?

A

Distal 3rd of ulna

252
Q

What is the distal attachment for the pronator quadratus?

A

Distal 3rd of radius

253
Q

What actions does the pronator quadratus perform?

A

Pronates forearm; Helps interosseous membrane hold radius and ulna together

254
Q

What innervates the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

255
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the pronator teres?

A

Coronoid process of ulna

Medial epicondyle and supracondylar ridge of humerus

256
Q

What is the distal attachment for the pronator teres?

A

Middle 3rd of lateral surface of radius

257
Q

What actions does the pronator teres perform?

A

Pronates forearm

Flexes forearm

258
Q

What innervates the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

259
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Radial collateral and ulnar ligaments
Ulnar crest

260
Q

What is the distal attachment for the supinator?

A

Proximal 1/3 of radius (wraps around bone)

261
Q

What actions does the supinator perform?

A

Supinates forearm (brings radius back to anatomical position)

262
Q

What innervates the supinator?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

263
Q

The median gives off the (ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) interosseous nerve.

A

Anterior

264
Q

What is the functional neurological level of the median nerve?

A

C7

265
Q

What nerve crosses anterior cubital fossa medial to the brachial artery?

A

Median nerve

266
Q

What nerve passes between the two heads of the pronator teres and travels between the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Median nerve

267
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and half of the flexor digitorum profundus? What is the rest of the anterior compartment of the forearm innervated by?

A

Ulnar nerve; Median nerve

268
Q

What nerve travels from the posterior compartment of the arm through the sulcus in medial epicondyle and into the forearm between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and extends between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Ulnar nerve

269
Q

What nerve runs in the arm in the radial groove and extends down the lateral side of the humerus then pierces the lateral inter muscular septum in the lower arm and enters the antebrachium between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles and passes in front of lateral epicondyle and enters cubital fossa?

A

Radial nerve

270
Q

The radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches. The _____ branch wraps laterally around the neck of the radius between superficial and deep layers of the supinator and is renamed to posterior interosseous nerve and runs with the posterior interosseous artery.

A

Deep

271
Q

The deep radial branch/posterior interosseous nerve innervates all extensor muscles of the forearm except extensor carpi radialis longus and anconeus, which are supplied by the _____ nerve before it branches.

A

Radial

272
Q

The radial nerve accompanies which artery?

A

Radial artery

273
Q

This nerve emerges from beneath brachioradialis in the distal forearm.

A

Radial nerve

274
Q

This artery is the largest of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery.

A

Ulnar artery

275
Q

What artery gives off the common interosseous near its origin?

A

Ulnar artery

276
Q

In the middle 3rd of the forearm, the _____ artery is joined by the ulnar nerve and lies under the flexor carpi ulnaris. In the distal third of the forearm, it is superficial and lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris and adjacent to the ulnar nerve.

A

Ulnar

277
Q

This artery proximally lies deep to the brachioradialis and distally becomes superficial between the brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis. It winds dorsally through the anatomical snuff-box.

A

Radial artery

278
Q

The ______ artery pierces the first dorsal interosseous muscle.

A

Radial artery

279
Q

After the radial artery passes through the first dorsal interosseous muscle it gives off the _______ ______ artery to the thumb. Then its renamed the deep palmar arch, which gives off the palmar digital arteries.

A

Princeps pollicis artery

280
Q

What artery forms a complete arch across the palm deep to the long extensor tendons?

A

Radial artery

281
Q

The elbow is type of hinge joint, which (UNIAXIAL/TRIAXIAL).

A

Uniaxial

282
Q

The function of the elbow joint is to…

A

Flex and extend forearm

Supinate and pronate forearm

283
Q

The elbow joint contains 3 articulations, which are…

A

1) Humeroulnar
2) Humeroradial
3) Proximal radioulnar

284
Q

The humeroulnar joint aids in flexion and extension of forearm, its made of the ________ notch to the ________.

A

Trochlear notch; Trochlea

285
Q

The humeroradial joint aids in flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of the forearm. Its made of the fovea of head of _______ to the ________ of the humerus.

A

Radius; Capitulum

286
Q

The elbow has 3 ligaments that are in a close-packed position, which helps with extension. These ligaments are…

A

1) Ulnar collateral ligament (Medial)
2) Radial collateral ligament (Lateral)
3) Annular ligament

287
Q

The ulnar collateral ligament (of elbow) goes from the (MEDIAL/LATERAL) epicondyle to the coronoid process and olecranon process.

A

Medial

288
Q

The radial collateral ligament (of elbow) goes from the (MEDIAL/LATERAL) epicondyle to the annular ligament and olecranon process.

A

Lateral

289
Q

The annular ligament (of elbow) is attached to the ulna, and forms a sling around the neck of the ______.

A

Radius

290
Q

Slack in the ulnar collateral ligament (of elbow) results in a (VALGUS/VARUS) deformity.

A

Valgus

291
Q

Slack in the radial collateral ligament (of elbow) results in a (VALGUS/VARUS) deformity.

A

Varus

292
Q

There is a carrying angle of the forearm in humans. It goes through the longitudinal axis of the humerus and long axis through the trochlea. This results in a lateral deviation of the forearm that is ____ degrees in men and ___-___ degrees in women.

A

5; 10-15

293
Q

An increase in the carrying angle of the forearm is called cubitus (VALGUS/VARUS).

A

Valgus

294
Q

A decrease in the carrying angle of the forearm is called cubitus (VALGUS/VARUS).

A

Varus

295
Q

This carpal bone forms the floor of the anatomical snuff box.

A

Scaphoid

296
Q

This carpal bone is the most commonly fractured wrist bone (fractures at the “waist”), and fractures may compromise the radial artery in the snuff box. It also articulates with the radius.

A

Scaphoid

297
Q

In what order do the hand/wrist bones go?

A. Carpals – Phalanges – Metacarpals
B. Phalanges – Carpals – Metacarpals
C. Metacarpals – Carpals – Phalanges
D. Carpals – Metacarpals – Phalanges

A

D. Carpals – Metacarpals – Phalanges

298
Q

The radiocarpal joint is a _________ (ellipsoidal) synovial joint.

A

Condyloid

299
Q

The radiocarpal joint articulates with what surfaces?

A

Scaphoid (convex)
Lunate (convex)
Distal radius (Two concave fossa; lateral and medial)

300
Q

The radiocarpal joint has 4 ligaments that help strengthen the capsule, which are…

A

1) Radial collateral ligament (lateral)
2) Ulnar collateral ligament (medial)
3) Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
4) Palmar radiocarpal ligament

301
Q

What arteries supply the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints?

A

Arise from dorsal and palmar arches

302
Q

What nerves innervate the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints?

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
Posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve
Dorsal and deep branches of ulnar nerve

303
Q

The _______ joint is between proximal and distal rows of carpals and between carpals.

A

Midcarpal

304
Q

What ligaments are involved in the midcarpal joint?

A

Dorsal ligaments
Palmar ligaments
Interosseous ligaments

305
Q

What is the palmar structure sequence (radial to ulnar)?

A 
Radius
Radial artery
Flexor carpi radialis tendon
Median nerve (under palmaris longus tendon)
Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon
Ulnar artery
Ulnar nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
306
Q

List the 6 types of ligaments of the wrist, hand, and digits…

A

1) Collateral ligaments (Radial, Ulnar, Phalangeal)
2) Carpal ligaments
3) Metacarpal ligaments
4) Carpometacarpal ligaments
5) Palmar ligaments
6) Intermetacarpal ligaments

307
Q

What are the 3 tendons of muscles that define the anatomical “snuff-box”?

A

Extensor pollicis longus (Dorsal and more medial)
Extensor pollicis brevis (Palmar border)
Abductor pollicis longus (Runs with ext. poll. brevis)

308
Q

The snuff box is the site for the _______ pulse.

A

Radial

309
Q

The _______ bone is in the floor of the snuff box, and branches of the superficial ______ nerve are in the roof.

A

Scaphoid; Radial

310
Q

The _______ artery runs in the floor of the snuff box over the scaphoid bone.

A

Radial

311
Q

The proximal attachment for the abductor pollicis longus is what?

A

Posterior surface of proximal half of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

312
Q

What is the distal attachment for the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Base of 1st metacarpal

313
Q

What actions does the abductor pollicis longus perform?

A

Abducts thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint

314
Q

What supplies blood to the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous artery

315
Q

What innervates the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

316
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius and interosseous membrane

317
Q

What is the distal attachment for the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Dorsum of proximal phalanx of thumb

318
Q

What actions does the extensor pollicis brevis perform?

A

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpophalangeal joint, also extends carpometacarpal joint

319
Q

What supplies blood to the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior interosseous artery

320
Q

What innervates the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

321
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane

322
Q

What is the distal attachment for the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

323
Q

What actions does the extensor pollicis longus perform?

A

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at its interphalangeal joint and extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint

324
Q

What supplies blood to the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous artery

325
Q

What innervates the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

Anatomy (4 decks)

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