Exam #2

Question 1

Not knowing what people have chosen

Answer 1

choice blindness

Question 2

tendency to respond to and remember some stimuli more than others

Answer 2

attention

Question 3

stands out immediately

Answer 3

preattentive process

Question 4

requires searching through the items in series

Answer 4

attentive process

Question 5

tendency to read the words instead of saying the color of ink

Answer 5

stroop effect

Question 6

failure to detect changes in parts of a scene

Answer 6

change blindness

Question 7

Easy distraction, impulsiveness, moodiness, and failure to follow through on plans

Answer 7

attention deficit disorder

Question 8

excessive activity and fidgetiness

Answer 8

deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 9

familiar or typical examples

Answer 9

prototypes

Question 10

Thinking about one of the concepts shown in this figure will activate, or prime, the concepts linked to it

Answer 10

spreading activation

Question 11

Reading or hearing one word makes it easier to think or recognize a related word

Answer 11

priming

Question 12

an explicit procedure for calculating an answer or testing every hypothesis

Answer 12

algorithm

Question 13

strategies for simplifying a problem and generating a satisfactory guess

Answer 13

heuristics

Question 14

thoroughly considering all available choices to find the best one

Answer 14

maximizing

Question 15

searching only until you find something satisfactory

Answer 15

satisficing

Question 16

The assumption that an item that resembles members of a category is probably also in that category

Answer 16

representativeness heuristic

Question 17

how common the two categories are

Answer 17

base-rate information

Question 18

the tendency to assume that if we easily think of examples of a category, then that category must be common

Answer 18

availability heuristic

Question 19

The careful evaluation of evidence for and against any conclusion

Answer 19

critical thinking

Question 20

The tendency to adhere to a single approach or a single way of using an item

Answer 20

functional fixedness

Question 21

The tendency to answer a question differently when it is framed differently

Answer 21

framing effect

Question 22

Willingness to do something undesirable because of money or effort already spent

Answer 22

sunk cost effect

Question 23

Benefit to a new skill based on practice of a similar skill

Answer 23

near transfer

Question 24

benefit from practicing something less similar

Answer 24

far transfer