Exam 2 ( cervical, thoracic, spine muscles )

Question 1

Which thoracic ligament has fibers that blend with the supraspinous ligament posteriorly and the ligamentum
flavum anteriorly?

Answer 1

Interspinous

Question 2

Which best describes the shape of a typical thoracic vertebral body when viewed from above or below?

Answer 2

Heart-shaped

Question 3

What is the shape of a typical thoracic vertebral foramen?

Answer 3

Round

Question 4

What is the predominant range of motion allowed by the T12/L1 zygapophyseal joints?

Answer 4

Flexion

Question 5

Which ligament attaches the head of a rib to two adjacent vertebral bodies?

Answer 5

Radiate ligament

Question 6

Where do the pedicles attach on the posterior aspect of a typical thoracic vertebra?

Answer 6

At the superior aspect of the vertebral body.

Question 7

Where is the costal groove located on a typical rib?

Answer 7

Inferior aspect of the shaft of the rib

Question 8

What is a feature of a typical thoracic vertebra?

Answer 8

Superior and inferior costal demi-facets

Question 9

Which costal cartilages attach to the sternum at the sternal angle?

Answer 9

2nd

Question 10

What is the approximate angle of orientation (in degrees) of a typical thoracic superior articular facet relative to
the horizontal plane?

Answer 10

60 degrees facing superior

Question 11

What structure of a rib is located between the rib head and the rib tubercle?

Answer 11

Rib neck

Question 12

What is the approximate average angle of orientation of the thoracic superior articular processes relative to the
coronal plane?

Answer 12

10 degrees

Question 13

What process of a thoracic vertebra forms at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum to the lamina?

Answer 13

Para-articular process

Question 14

Which ligament attaches the crest of the head of the rib to the anulus fibrosis of the adjacent intervertebral disc?

Answer 14

Intra-articular ligament

Question 15

What is the functional joint classification of the costocorporeal and costotransverse joints?

Answer 15

Diarthrodial planar

Question 16

What portion of the sternum is identified by the bracket?

Answer 16

Manubrium

Question 17

What is the name of the ligament that attaches the non-articular portion of the rib tubercle to the transverse
process?

Answer 17

Lateral costotransverse ligament

Question 18

What osseous structure is palpable at the apex of the subcostal (infrasternal) angle?

Answer 18

Xiphoid process

Question 19

Which region of the thoracic spine has the most steeply inclined spinous processes?
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Answer 19

T5-T8

Question 20

Which ligament fills the space between the anterior aspect of a thoracic transverse process and the neck of the
adjacent rib?

Answer 20

Costotransverse ligament

Question 21

What are the osseous boundaries of the superior thoracic aperature?

Answer 21

T1 vertebra, 1st ribs, manubrium of the sternum

Question 22

Why is the thoracic kyphosis considered a primary curve of the spine?

Answer 22

The thoracic curve is formed in utero.

Question 23

What type of rib attaches directly to the sternum via costal cartilage?

Answer 23

True rib

Question 24

With which demi-facets does the left 7th rib head articulate on the vertebral bodies?

Answer 24

Left superior costal demi-facet of T7 and left inferior costal demi-facet of T6.

Question 25

Which range of motion is the largest in the thoracic region due to the orientation of the thoracic zygapophysial
joints?

Answer 25

ROTATION